Abstract
A new receptor model based on the alternating trilinear decomposition followed by a score matrix reconstruction (ATLD-SMR) was developed for the source apportionment of urban PM10 for the first time. First, simulated three-way data arrays of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to verify the feasibility of the ATLD-SMR method. Then, PM10 samples (receptor) at five locations and TSP samples of ten pollution sources were collected during July and August, 2018 in Loudi City, China. The collected samples were measured by GC-MS. PAHs were used as tracers and their concentrations were accurately obtained by the ATLD-SMR analysis of GC-MS data of these samples after the problems of GC-MS including baseline drift, retention-time shift and unexpected peaks overlapping were successfully resolved. The highest concentrations of individual PAH in these samples were for phenanthrene and benzo [a] pyrene (40.76 ng m-3 and 39.63 ng m-3 in Liangang steel-making workshop, respectively). Last, a relative contribution matrix of the source to the receptor was estimated by the ATLD-SMR method. The proposed method was employed to apportion the source contributions to PM10 particles at five locations and reasonable results were obtained, thus presenting a promising tool for source apportionment of complex ambient particulate matter.
Highlights
Atmospheric pollution is an environmental concern worldwide leading to increasing morbidity due to cardiovascular disease and cancer as a result of exposure to polluted air [1,2,3]
alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD)-SMR can be firstly applied to decompose the simulated three-way data array to obtain the accurate chromatograms, mass spectrograms, and concentrations of the four components (The information is not shown here because the discussion on the resolution and quantification of analytes with second-order calibration methods can be found elsewhere)
The procedure based on the alternating trilinear decomposition followed by a score matrix reconstruction (ATLD-SMR) of three-way gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data of source and receptor samples allowed the source apportionment of PM10 in different urban locations
Summary
Atmospheric pollution is an environmental concern worldwide leading to increasing morbidity due to cardiovascular disease and cancer as a result of exposure to polluted air [1,2,3]. Accurate source apportionment of ambient particulate matter has become among the hot topics in the atmospheric sciences. Three approaches have been applied to estimate source contributions from source sample data and/or ambient sample data. The first, emission inventory is a list model of anthropogenic emissions based on their history and heritage [4,5]. The second, diffusion model ( termed a source model), evaluates the influences of pollution sources on airborne particulates at a given site based on the discharge rates of the point source and meteorological data [6]. The third, known as a receptor model, focuses on studying the contribution of the pollution source to the receptor [7,8,9]
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