A new quantitative approach to ethnobotanical studies in Namaqualand, South Africa

Abstract

A new approach and methodology for ethnobotanical field work [1 – 3], based on the Matrix Method [4], is proposed to ensure rigorous comparative data of high quality that can be used for quantitative comparisons between communities and cultural groups on a regional and global scale. The level of sophistication of the new method allows for detailed analyses of the patterns of indigenous plant use and explorations of the overall spatial distribution of traditional plant use knowledge. Using recent data from the Kamiesberg in Namaqualand [5] enriched with new survey results, the seven steps of the new method are demonstrated: 1) Ethical clearance (ensuring the highest possible standards of international best practices); 2) Reconnaissance (systematic and detailed literature studies and field work using a Reconnaissance Matrix); 3) Structured Interviews (to compile a checklist of all useful plants, resulting in an Inventory Matrix, which is flexible, exploratory and expandable); 4) Confirmation (to verify the botanical identity of the plants and the accuracy of the data recorded thus far); 5) Quantification (to accurately and rigorously record the ethnobotanical knowledge of a random or non-random selection of participants, using a “flip-file” of all useful plants and resulting in a Quantification Matrix). It is used to calculate the level of knowledge of each participant (Ethnobotanical Knowledge Index, EKI) as well as the relative importance of the species (Species Popularity Index, SPI); 6) Feedback (to present the main results and findings to the participants for final comments, verification and to share inputs on the chosen method of dissemination); 7) Publication (scientific papers, popular booklets and educational posters, giving appropriate recognition to all participants). The aim is to record traditional knowledge (especially Khoi-San ethnobotany [6]) for future generations, to provide legal starting dates for anecdotes and to stimulate the conservation and continuation of indigenous plant use knowledge.