A New Polyoxygenated Flavonol Gossypetin-3-O-β-d-Robinobioside from Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook.) D. Dietr. and In Vivo Hepatoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Ulcer Activities of the Leaf Methanol Extract.

Mahmoud Emam,Mansour Sobeh,Mohamed A El Raey,Sally A El Awdan,Alaadin E El- Haddad,Mohamed A El-Ansari,Abdel-Gawad M Rabie,Samir M Osman,Michael Wink

doi:10.3390/molecules24010138

Abstract

A hitherto unknown polyoxygenated flavonol robinobioside (gossypetin-3-O-β-d-robinobioside) was isolated from the leaves of Caesalpinia gilliesii along with thirteen known phenolic secondary metabolites. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. The extract reduced the level of liver damage in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. A decrease of the liver biomarkers—aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and an increase of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels—were observed similar to the liver protecting drug silymarin. In addition, the extract showed promising activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and protected their stomachs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in a concentration dependent fashion. The observed activities could be attributed to the high content of antioxidant polyphenols. Our results suggest that the C. gilliesii has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress, and liver and stomach injury.

Highlights

Drug-induced liver injury is still a major challenge
Plant secondary metabolites offer an interesting potential for pharmacological applications where they can serve as lead drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases [5]
The dark purple spot changed into a yellow color when exposed to ammonia vapor

Summary

Introduction

Environmental toxicants, ingested metals, and some orally consumed drugs are renown causes of liver injury [1]. The uncontrolled use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of pain and inflammation carries the risk of liver toxicity as well as other serious adverse effects, such as peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal. Medicinal therapy is still in need for novel multi-functional approaches to tackle health problems and avoid or reduce adverse drug effects. In this regard, plant secondary metabolites offer an interesting potential for pharmacological applications where they can serve as lead drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases [5].

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Results

Conclusion