Abstract
Oral diseases have an impact on the general condition and quality of life of patients. After a dento-alveolar trauma, a tooth extraction, or, in the case of some genetic skeletal diseases, a maxillary bone defect, can be observed, leading to the impossibility of placing a dental implant for the restoration of masticatory function. Recently, bone neoformation was demonstrated after in vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembranes functionalized with bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and ibuprofen in a mouse maxillary bone lesion. In the present study, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were added on BMP-2 functionalized PCL biomembranes and implanted in a maxillary bone lesion. Viability of hBM-MSCs on the biomembranes has been observed using the “LIVE/DEAD” viability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Maxillary bone regeneration was observed for periods ranging from 90 to 150 days after implantation. Various imaging methods (histology, micro-CT) have demonstrated bone remodeling and filling of the lesion by neoformed bone tissue. The presence of mesenchymal stem cells and BMP-2 allows the acceleration of the bone remodeling process. These results are encouraging for the effectiveness and the clinical use of this new technology combining growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow in a bioresorbable membrane.
Highlights
Several events, such as tooth extraction, and diseases such as periodontitis induce significant alveolar bone loss [1,2]
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro-regenerative effects of a biomembrane combining both bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and hBM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)’ properties in the context of maxillary bone lesion in an attempt to improve its regeneration in a spatially controlled delivery
We demonstrated the favorable pro-regenerative properties of a PCL biomembrane
Summary
Several events, such as tooth extraction, and diseases such as periodontitis induce significant alveolar bone loss [1,2] Such bone loss could be induced by life-threatening diseases such as cancers or rare bone structural or metabolic diseases characterized by low bone mass or abnormal and excessive bone remodeling [3]. Barrier membranes associated with bone substitutes have a key role in the regeneration of underlying bone defects by bioactive contribution [7] These barrier membranes must fulfill several requirements, such as biocompatibility, occlusivity, spaciousness, clinical manageability and appropriate integration with the surrounding tissue, but an ideal membrane has not been established yet for clinical applications [8]. Some authors showed that guided bone regeneration can be enhanced by integrating growth factors (GFs) or cells [9,10]
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