Abstract
Present study focuses on rainfall over Western Ghats (WG), a complex topographic region (elevation > 500 m) of India to evaluate and to better understand the satellite behavior in contrast with a flat region (FR) (elevation < 500 m) of central India from 1998 to 2016 using the combinatory data sets of TMPA and IMERG (satellite rainfall estimation). The categorical Intra Seasonal Oscillations (ISO) of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) namely, Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Quasi Bi-Weekly Oscillation (QBWO) are tested in satellite and India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded rainfall data sets to find out the satellite performance. As the accurate estimation of rainfall from satellites over higher elevation zones is challenging, here we propose a new perspective to select the rainfall products of satellite for better comparison with ground measurements. Considering the satellite’s best capability in detecting the cold clouds resulting from deep convection and its coupling with higher-level circulation, we show that the rainfall from satellites yield fruitful comparison with ground measurements when moist static stability, tropical easterly jet is above the climatological values.
Highlights
Rain gauge network over land is the most trusted instrument for accurate rainfall measurement
The spatial correspondence of newly released IMERG V5 and India Meteorological Department (IMD) is assessed by considering the different size grid boxes starting from 1° × 1° to 9° × 9° grids [Fig. 1(a)] from 2014–2016 during SW monsoon season
As the grid size increases from 1° to 9°, pearson correlation (r) between the two rainfall data sets increases from 0.11 to 0.66 [Fig. 1(b)] and mean daily bias is gradually decreased in 1° to 5° grid boxes from 2.58 mm to 0.99 mm, there after it increased in 7° × 7° and 9° × 9° boxes (1.21 and 1.16 mm respectively) though the correlation (r) is higher (0.56 and 0.66 respectively) over these regions
Summary
Rain gauge network over land is the most trusted instrument for accurate rainfall measurement. To study association between two rainfall data sets and their linkage to TEJ, daily satellite and IMD rainfall data have been picked every year during SW monsoon season from 1998–2016, when the TEJ of the day is greater than climatology value i.e. strong TEJ.
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