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Abstract
The present work proposes for the first time a mathematical model for describing the rheological behavior of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils in the presence of nanoparticles. This model results from the combination of two existing mathematical models. The first one applies to the rheology of pseudoplastic substances, i.e., the Herschel-Bulkley model. The second one was previously developed by our research group to model the rheology of suspensions, namely the modified Pal and Rhodes model. The proposed model is applied to heavy and extra heavy crude oils in the presence of nanoparticles, considering the effects of nanoparticles concentration and surface chemical nature, temperature, and crude oil type. All the experimental data evaluated exhibited compelling goodness of fitting, and the physical parameters in the model follow correlate well with variations in viscosity. The new model is dependent of share rate and opens new possibilities for phenomenologically understanding viscosity reduction in heavy crude by adding solid nanoparticles and favoring the scale-up in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and/or improved oil recovery (IOR) process.
Highlights
Rheology as a science is the study of the deformation of the matter when subjected to stress.This science has been applied commonly in the oil and gas industry for describing the flow behavior of reservoirs fluids as well as of various fluids used in improved oil recovery (IOR) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes such as polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, drilling fluids, fracturing fluids, and cements, among others
They proposed a non-Newtonian shear model based on Einsteins theory, which has been applied to explain the behavior of the viscosity of several crude oils and de-asphalted oils (DAO) varying their content of asphaltenes by their addition
The results section begins with the explanation of the proposed Herschel-Bulkley-Modified Pal and Rhodes (HB-MPR) model
Summary
Rheology as a science is the study of the deformation of the matter when subjected to stress. The first mathematical approximation to understanding the phenomenon was developed through the mathematical modification of the viscosity model in suspensions previously proposed by Pal and Rhodes [33] They proposed a non-Newtonian shear model based on Einsteins theory, which has been applied to explain the behavior of the viscosity of several crude oils and de-asphalted oils (DAO) varying their content of asphaltenes by their addition. It is possible to guarantee a complete understanding of the phenomena that occur when particles are added to heavy and extra heavy crude oils and provide a great possibility of knowing the flow profiles in commonly encountered heterogeneous porous media, which facilitates technology implementation
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