Abstract
Simple SummaryWe completed one mitogenome of white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), with finding heteroplasmy phenomenon confirmed by PCR reaction and Sanger sequencing method. This heteroplasmy was not observed in WBPHs (n = 24) collected from the fields, suggesting that it may be uncommon in fields. We also analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion and deletions, and simple sequence repeats among three currently available WBPH mitogenomes of Korea and China, suggesting that identified intraspecific variations could be potential candidates for developing markers to distinguish geographical populations of WBPH including Korean and Chinese. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 mitogenomes of Delphacidae including the three WBPH mitogenomes suggested that Delphacinae seems to be monophyletic and Sogatella species including WBPH are clearly formed as one clade.White-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the major sap-sucking rice pests in East Asia. We have determined a new complete mitochondrial genome of WBPH collected in the Korean peninsula using NGS technology. Its length and GC percentages are 16,613 bp and 23.8%, respectively. We observed one polymorphic site, a non-synonymous change, in the COX3 gene with confirmation heteroplasmy phenomenon within individuals of WBPH by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, the first report in this species. In addition, this heteroplasmy was not observed in wild WBPH populations, suggesting that it may be uncommon in fields. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion, and deletions, and simple sequence repeats among the three WBPH mitogenomes from Korea and China and found diverse intraspecific variations, which could be potential candidates for developing markers to distinguish geographical populations. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 mitogenomes of Delphacidae including the three WBPH mitogenomes suggested that Delphacinae seems to be monophyletic and Sogatella species including WBPH are clearly formed as one clade. In the future, it is expected that complete mitogenomes of individuals of geographically dispersed WBPH populations will be used for further population genetic studies to understand the migration pathway of WBPH.
Highlights
Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), commonly called the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), is an important rice pest species in East Asian rice fields [1,2]
We present the complete mitochondrial genome of S. furcifera (WBPHTA; GenBank accession number: MK907866) with a length of 16,613 bp, containing 13 proteincoding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs (Supplementary Table S1 and Figure 1), which is a typical configuration of insect mitochondrial genomes [73,74]
13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs (Supplementary Table S1 and Figure 1), which is a typical configuration of insect mitochondrial genomes [73,74]
Summary
Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), commonly called the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), is an important rice pest species in East Asian rice fields [1,2]. It has usually migrated from the subtropic to temperate regions. Due to the economic importance of this species in rice-cultivating areas [6], whole genome [7], and complete mitochondrial genomes [8] were successfully sequenced and analyzed. These genomic resources of WBPH, which are already available for in-depth analyses, provide a favorable environment for a detailed investigation of its mitochondrial genomes. The investigation of intraspecific variations in the mitochondrial genome of Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) along with the samples distributed in China [17] demonstrated that the two major populations of L. striatellus, haplotypes A and B [17]
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