Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the staple food for much of the world, requires gallons of water during its growth phase from tillage to harvest through conventional farming and emits significant greenhouse gases. Hence, modified cultivation techniques are felt to be needed to increase rice productivity, minimize water and fertilizer consumption effectively, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to a certain extent. The present experiment was based on the Purulia district, identified as a drought-prone zone through the RS-GIS technique. Two methods, the conventional method (CVN) and the system of rice intensification (SRI), were studied with four varieties of rice, viz. var. MTU 1010, var. IET 4786, var. IET 17430 and var. IET 9947 on water resource vulnerability, associated greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, N2O) and global warming potential (GWP). The results indicated that SRI cultivation is the smart method compared to CVN in the drought-prone Purulia District due to its lower water requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There was higher CH4 flux among the CVN plots than in the SRI plots (p < 0.05). The N2O flux in the rice field plots of CVN (Rabi-1.54 ± 0.04 kg ha−1, Kharif 1.51 ± 0.10 kg ha−1) was lower than the SRI (Rabi-2.08 ± 0.07, Kharif- 1.83 ± 0.02 kg ha−1) during Rabi season. The CH4 flux for CVN (Rabi-94.32 ± 2.71 kg ha−1; Kharif 110.33 ± 3.90 kg ha−1) was higher than the SRI (Rabi-68.16 ± 2.37, Kharif- 61.72 ± 2.41 kg ha−1) during Rabi season. The CO2-eq emission (pGWP) and yield-scaled CO2-eq emission (YpGWP) from the SRI were significantly lower when compared with CVN (p < 0.05). The result shows that the SRI technique is an effective agricultural method that farmers should be encouraged to follow in the drought-prone region to ensure less water consumption and a sustainable future for generations.
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