Abstract
Study of wave height inversion with High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWRs) has been going on for more than 40 years. Various wave inversion methods have been proposed, and HFSWRs have achieved great success in local wave measurements. However, the method of wave mapping is still under development, especially for the broad-beam HF radars. Existing methods of wave mapping are based on narrow-beam radar with beamforming. This paper introduces a way of wave height inversion, using the ratio of the second-harmonic peak (SHP) to the Bragg peak (RSB). A new wave mapping method is proposed, which can be used in both narrow and broad-beam radars, according to the way of wave inversion based on the RSB. In addition, radar wave measurements at the buoy position are compared with thein situbuoy, which show a good agreement. At last, the results of wave mapping on the two-hour timescale are given.
Highlights
Extraction of wave height with High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWRs) was started since Barrick [1] deduced the second-order integral equation, relating radar sea echo to the ocean wave spectrum
After some more research work about the Bragg peak and the second-harmonic peak (SHP), we find that the Bragg peak get saturated when sea state increases to the level Hs ≈ 2 m, and the SHP is Hs ≈ 4 m, with the radar frequency 13 MHz
A new approach to wave mapping is proposed. In this method of wave mapping, Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is used for direction finding, rather than digital beam forming
Summary
Extraction of wave height with HFSWRs was started since Barrick [1] deduced the second-order integral equation, relating radar sea echo to the ocean wave spectrum. Wave maps can be achieved every 3–6 h by beamforming and scanning in azimuth, with the Wide Aperture Research Facility (WARF) skywave radar [11]; phased array radar named WEllen RAdar (WERA) is used to map the ocean wave height by digital beam forming (DBF) [12]. Both of the radars have a large aperture, which brings some disadvantages: (1) the radar site requiring a sufficiently narrow and flat coast, which sometimes cannot be satisfied; (2) difficulties in installation and erection; and (3) high costs in operating and maintenance
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