Abstract
The present work experimentally demonstrates a multimode fiber optic sensing setup for total fat detection in raw milk samples. The optical fiber arrangement incorporates a low-coherence Fabry–Perot cavity operating in dual response. The system provides a phase modulation for a total fat range from 0.97 to 4.36%. Here, the protein remains constant at ≈3%. The data indicate that maximum sensitivity close to 616 pm/%fat could be achieved at optimal wavelength operation (500 nm). In addition, the system presented a minimal repeatability error measurement of 0.08%, cross-sensitivity between protein and fat of 0.134, and a regression coefficient of . A thermal analysis was also performed, which indicate the temperature immunity of the system. The proposed method represents a low-cost alternative to detect minimal fat variations in raw cow milk.
Highlights
In the dairy industry, total fat and protein content has an important role in determining the quality and price of milk [1]
Despite the fiber loop providing a minimal contribution, we considered this phase because it is the environment where the scatter light is circulated
Because the purpose of this study was to system for total fat detection, the protein
Summary
Total fat and protein content has an important role in determining the quality and price of milk [1]. During the past few decades, several techniques have been widely studied to determine these milk quality indicators, and two main branches are found in the literature: chemical analysis and optical instruments. The former requires specialized laboratories that involve costly equipment and materials, as well as highly trained staff. One of the most attractive techniques is based on spectroscopy [8] This technique analyzes the transmission spectra of the light that crosses the liquid sample. By using the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law, it is possible to obtain the absorbance and correlate compounds from the sample [9] Despite this method being widely used, the technique has undesired scattering effects produced by optically dense liquids like milk [9]. It is important to recall that the size of fat globules
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