Abstract
An optical device has been developed to enable a high-level quadriplegic to control two degrees-of-freedom of a manipulative-type orthosis by natural head movements. A photosensitive array on the orthosis ‘locks’ onto and follows a beam of light from a head-mounted light-emitting diode, facilitating a closed-loop mode of control as opposed to the currently used open-loop orthotic control systems. The optical and electronic detection systems which eliminate problems due to background illumination are described and the importance of some properties of the beam is discussed. Results are presented of preliminary tests with the optical controller and a conventional on/off controller coupled in turn to a simple orthosis. The speed and ease with which the orthosis position can be controlled, together with the low level of concentration required of the operator, vindicate the new closed-loop concept.
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