A NEW MEASURE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION-MAKING STYLE

მცირე ბიზნესში ციფრული და კოგნიტური ტექნოლოგიების გამოყენების აქტუალურობა გლობალური პანდემიის პირობებში

COVID-19 эпидемиясы адам өмірінің барлық салаларына әсер етті, шағын бизнесті дамытудың негізгі факторы болып табылатын тұтынушылық белсенділіктің төмендеуіне әкелді. Таралған көзқарас пандемиядан кейінгі дағдарысты еңсерудегі ең үлкен қиындықтар шағын бизнесте болады. Шағын және орта кәсіпкерлік секторы елдің дамуы мен өсуіне ықпал ететін экономикалық және әлеуметтік жүйесінің негізі болып табылады. Шағын және орта кәсіпкерліктің дамуы жаңа жұмыс орындарының ашылуына, бюджеттің салық толықтыруларының өсуіне, халықтың әл-ауқатының артуына алып келеді. Бұдан басқа, шағын және орта кәсіпкерліктегі бәсекелестіктің жоғары деңгейі нарықтың сұранысы мен ұсынысына жедел ден қоюға алып келеді, тауарлар мен көрсетілетін қызметтер өнімділігінің өсуіне ықпал етеді. Бұл мақалада Covid-19 пандемиясының Қазақстанның шағын және орта бизнесіне әсері қарастырылады. Осы баптың мақсаты шағын және орта бизнесті дамыту және мемлекеттік қолдау шараларын талдау болып табылады. Коронакризистің ұлттық экономикаға әсеріне талдау жасалды, шағын бизнесті мемлекеттік қолдау деңгейі талданды. Қазақстанда пандемиядан кейінгі шағын және орта бизнестің дамуына байланысты негізгі проблемалар анықталды. Эпидемия COVID-19 оказала влияние на все сферы жизнедеятельности человека, обусловила снижение потребительской активности, которая является основным фактором развития малого бизнеса. Распространена точка зрения, что наибольшие трудности в преодолении кризисных явлений после пандемии возникнут у малого бизнеса. Сектор малого и среднего предпринимательства является основой экономической и социальной системы страны, способствующей ее развитию и росту. Развитие малого и среднего предпринимательства приводит к созданию новых рабочих мест, росту налоговых пополнений бюджета, к увеличению благосостояния населения. Кроме того, высокий уровень конкуренции в малом и среднем предпринимательстве приводит к быстрому реагированию на спрос и предложение рынка, способствует росту производительности товаров и услуг. В этой статье рассматривается влияние пандемии COVID-19 на малый и средний бизнес Казахстана. Целью данной статьи является анализ развития и меры государственной поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса. Проведен анализ воздействия коронакризиса на национальную экономику, проанализирован уровень государственной поддержки малого бизнеса. Выявлены ключевые проблемы, связанные с развитием малого и среднего бизнеса в Казахстане в постпандемию. The COVID-19 epidemic has had an impact on all spheres of human activity, caused a decrease in consumer activity, which is the main factor in the development of small businesses. It is widely believed that small businesses will have the greatest difficulties in overcoming the crisis phenomena after the pandemic. The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises is the basis of the economic and social system of the country, contributing to its development and growth. The development of small and medium-sized businesses leads to the creation of new jobs, an increase in tax replenishment of the budget, and an increase in the welfare of the population. In addition, the high level of competition in small and medium-sized enterprises leads to a rapid response to market demand and supply, contributes to the growth of productivity of goods and services. This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this article is to analyze the development and measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. The analysis of the impact of the coronacrisis on the national economy was carried out, the level of state support for small businesses was analyzed. The key problems associated with the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan in the post-pandemic are identified.

Научное исследование посвящено вопросам государственной поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства в регионе на современном этапе хозяйственных отношений. Авторами охарактеризовано понятие, сущность и особенности малого и среднего предпринимательства на региональном уровне. Выявлено, что малое и среднее предпринимательство являются неотъемлемыми составляющими развития экономики государства и регионов, а субъекты малого и среднего предпринимательства играют значимую роль в местном, региональном и государственном развитии. Показано, что малое предпринимательство имеет свои специфические особенности, в связи с чем очень важна государственная и региональная поддержка субъектов таких бизнес-отношений. Проанализировано управление развитием малого и среднего предпринимательства Севастополя. Выяснено, что в Севастополе разработана и утверждена Программа развития и поддержки субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства, при этом управлению развитием предпринимательства Севастополя уделяется недостаточно внимания. Предложены мероприятия по финансовой и организационной поддержке малого предпринимательства. Показано, что для стимулирования качественного развития предпринимательской среды необходимо сформировать систему по акселерации развития субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства, что обеспечит более эффективное состояние субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства. The scientific research is devoted to the issues of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the region at the present stage of economic relations. The authors characterize the concept, essence and features of small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level. It was revealed that small and medium-sized businesses are integral components of the development of the economy of the state and regions, and small and medium-sized businesses play a significant role in local, regional and state development. It is shown that small business has its own specific features, in connection with which the state and regional support of the subjects of such business relations is very important. The management of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Sevastopol is analyzed. It was found that in Sevastopol, the Program for the Development and Support of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses was developed and approved, while insufficient attention is paid to the management of the development of entrepreneurship in Sevastopol. Measures for financial and organizational support of small business are proposed. It is shown that in order to stimulate the qualitative development of the business environment, it is necessary to form a system to accelerate the development of small and medium-sized businesses, which will ensure a more effective state of small and medium-sized businesses.

Social media marketing has fundamentally changed the landscape of business communication and consumer interaction. Platforms like Facebook and Instagram provide SMEs with a unique opportunity to build brand awareness, drive customer engagement, and boost sales without the need for substantial marketing budgets. This study aimed to explore the role of social media marketing in enhancing the performance and growth of small businesses. By examining the various ways in which social media platforms were leveraged, this research sought to understand how small businesses used social media to increase brand visibility, engage customers, and drive sales. The study employed a descriptive quantitative correlational research design. This study utilized a purposive sampling method to select 50 small business owners in Baungon, Bukidnon, who actively engaged in social media marketing. The T-test and ANOVA were used to determine if there were significant differences in small business performance based on demographic factors such as age, sex, or monthly income. The study used Pearson's R Correlation to determine whether a significant relationship existed between social media marketing strategies and the performance of small businesses in Baungon, Bukidnon. The findings revealed that in terms of age, the data showed that 10 respondents (20%) are below 21 years old, 25 respondents (50%) are between 21 and 30 years old, and 15 respondents (30%) are between 31 and 40 years old. With regard to the average monthly income, the data revealed that 62% of respondents earn below PHP 10,000.00, while 22% earn between PHP 10,001.00 - PHP 20,00.00. Meanwhile, 12% earn between PHP 20,001.00 - PHP 30,000, and only 4% earn between PHP 30,001 - PHP 70,000.00. No respondents earned above PHP 70,001. Further, media engagement received a very high average of (M=3.56; SD=0.77) with an adjectival rate of “very high social media marketing”. In addition, content quality got the lowest average (M=3.58; SD=0.75) with an adjectival rating of “very high small business”. The study concluded that the revenue was rated 3.57, reinforcing the idea that social media marketing contributes to financial growth and has a statistically significant positive impact on the performance of small businesses in Baungon, Bukidnon.

At the current stage of the Russian economic development, the small and medium-sized businesses are becoming an immediate priority in the development of the state financial policy for the long term. Strategic documents developed at the federal and regional levels necessarily include measures to promote small businesses followed by the establishment of professional associations, business development centers, business incubators, technology parks, introduction of new and improvement of existing legislation standards, etc. However, notwithstanding the efforts made by the authorities, increased “injections” of financial resources into this sphere of the economy as well as the direct interest of governments at all levels and a substantial public response, the development of small businesses in Russia is facing great difficulties. The data on the number of registered small enterprises indicate that the sharp rise of entrepreneurship observed in the early 1990s changed into the stagnation towards the end of the decade and the sluggish current dynamics at the present time. In this regard, the relevance of the research subject is substantiated by the need to improve the regulation of the financial support of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation in order to create favorable conditions for their development and ensure the country's economic growth. In the research framework the main tasks to be solved to ensure the achievement of the research objective were defined. Based on the research findings, proposals were made related to improvement of the legislation in the field of financial support of small and medium-sized businesses, including proposals to improve government programs for supporting the small and medium-sized business institution. Other proposals address the harmonization of planned and program-target documents defining activities aimed at financial support of small and medium-sized business entities in the Russian Federation, as well as proposals on how to make the currently applicable budgetary and tax methods of small and medium-sized business promotion in the Russian Federation more effective to ensure the accessibility of financial resources and improve the quality of the state regulation. The results obtained are presented in the form of conclusions and recommendations for state authorities concerned with the regulation of financial support of small and medium-sized businesses. The practical significance of the results of the work makes it possible to use them in the activities of the Economics and Finance Department of the Russian Federation Government, the RF Government Commission on Competition and Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses, and the Department of Small and Medium-Sized Business Development and Competition of the RF Ministry of Economic Development.

The relevance of the subject of this study is due to the situation and negative trends in Ukrainian small business, the importance and number of this type of business entities, and institutional constraints on business activities, which requires increasing its effectiveness and efficiency through sustainable development. The purpose of the paper is to develop theoretical-methodological foundations, scientific-methodical and practical recommendations for the development of small business in Ukraine. To obtain specific scientific results both general scientific and specific methods of study were used: a complex of economic-statistical and economic-mathematical methods of analysis and modeling. The state and tendencies of development of national small business were analyzed. Based on the obtained results the comparative analysis of specifics of small business in Ukraine was carried out. The strategic priorities of small business development of Ukraine were substantiated, which observance will promote growth of national economy and will allow to clearly identify necessary areas of support for small business entities in the course of development and implementation of programs of development of small business at various levels of management. The basis for the development of national and regional strategies for small business development should be not only regulatory and legal support, but also previous positive experience, in particular, on the implementation of strategic projects for small business development in leading European countries, regions and separate cities. The fact that in Ukraine small business is not yet given due attention, there is no clear concept and in fact the declared strategy of its development is not implemented, proves the need to develop small business and reflect this in the development of a strategy.

The administrative closure of a business caused by the coronavirus epidemic has postponed the issues of the quantitative and qualitative development of small businesses for an indefinite period. In these conditions, the tasks of preserving and surviving SMEs in the post-pandemic period, making new strategic decisions at both the federal and regional levels of government, which differ from the «firefighting» measures of anti-crisis support in 2020, are of particular relevance in these conditions. The aim of the study is to identify problems in the system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level based on the analysis and assessment of its dynamics in the pre-quarantine and post-pandemic periods, as well as to determine the directions of its transformation. To achieve this goal, legislative innovations in the field of small economy were considered, regional programs for anti-crisis support for small and medium-sized businesses were analyzed; assessed the possible prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the post-crisis economy of our country, as well as strategic changes in the system of its state support. The following general scientific and special methods were chosen as scientific tools: systemic, retrospective analysis, as well as statistical survey methods. The paper concludes that there was no significant effect from those legislative innovations that were designed to reverse the negative trends in the small business sector that had developed over the three years preceding the introduction of restrictive measures in the economy. The formulation of the question of whether the use of an anti-crisis (costly) model of support for SMEs in the post-pandemic period will become a strategy for its development in the future differs in scientific novelty. The results of the study are aimed at identifying the problems that the system of state support for regional small and medium-sized businesses may face as it emerges from the pandemic, in particular, on the aggravation of the contradiction between the preservation of anti-crisis measures to support SMEs and the possibilities of financing them from regional budgets. In this regard, the question of the need to change the configuration of the existing support system for small businesses, based on methods of direct allocation of budget funds, is of particular importance. The results of the study can be applied in the formation of a strategy for the development of medium-sized entrepreneurship in the constituent entities of the Federation. As practical recommendations, proposals are presented to abandon traditional measures to support SMEs in favor of a transition to the formation of a new model, in which modern business institutions of the ecosystem of medium-sized entrepreneurship occupy a central place.

The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities of the functioning of small business in Ukraine in the context of economic globalization. In particular, the main current economic globalization challenges for domestic small business and their impact on the development of its competitiveness are identified. Today, small business in Ukraine is an important element of the national economy. The functioning of small enterprises in modern economic conditions requires flexibility, mobilization of financial and production resources, the use of scientific and technological progress. Therefore, one of the main vectors of economic reform in Ukraine should be multilateral support for small business development. The development of small business is an important factor in building a socially oriented economy, improving living standards, promotes the process of integration of the domestic economy into the world economy. The article also identifies the factors that contribute to strengthening the position of small businesses in the economy. The directions of small business development in Ukraine are offered and the importance of small innovative business development is established. The following measures are proposed to support the development of small business: development of programs for preferential lending to small businesses with the involvement of state-owned banks and their state guarantee (the first steps have already begun to be taken in this direction); development and implementation of a mechanism to stimulate banking institutions to preferential lending to small enterprises operating in priority areas identified by the state; improving the process of small business taxation and simplifying the system of tax administration; creation of a bank that would specialize in microfinance of small business with a partial contribution from the state and international financial organizations; increasing the financial base of existing state funds to support small business; reducing the cost of administrative procedures and obtaining administrative services; creation of specialized state institutions for insurance of export-import operations.

The article analyzes the global trends in the development of small business. The world distribution of enterprises according to the size by countries of the world is studied. An analysis of the development of small and medium-sized businesses by countries of the European Union has been carried out, which has made it possible to identify countries in which small business forms the basis of the formation of the gross domestic product of the State. Enterprises are analyzed in terms of size, indicators of value added, employment and the number of enterprises in the context of sectors of the economy. It is substantiated that the change in value added, employment of the population and the number of enterprises in the context of types of business allows to allocate promising directions for investment in the development of entrepreneurship. The trends of development of small business in different countries of the world have been studied, which has made it possible to allocate the regularities of its development and the relevant factors that contribute to stimulating the development of small enterprises. The directions of reconstruction and development of small businesses in countries after military conflicts have made it possible to identify features and commonalities in terms of the State regulation and support for such changes. On the basis of the carried-out study of the international development of small enterprises, similar directions in the State and regional policy of Ukraine regarding the support and stimulation of small enterprises during the wartime have been formed. Taking into account international experience, the main directions for promoting the development of small business in Ukraine in the post-war period are proposed, which will contribute to the overall socioeconomic growth of the regions and the State as a whole.

An important role in the development of economic systems of the world’s leading countries is played by small and medium-sized businesses, which are the basis of the economy, create GDP, are a significant source of budget replenishment, provide the largest number of jobs. In the conditions of open economy it is important to compare the national economy with European and world countries, to define strategies that will set the vector of development of a competitive country and ensure accelerated economic growth. The aim of the proposed study is a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Ukrainian business environment in the field of small and medium enterprises in the European context. Modern challenges have made changes and adjustments to the economic development of the world and Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to summarize the practical experience of Ukrainian and world’s small and medium-sized businesses during the crisis and identify prospects for further development. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. What was conducted is a statistical assessment of the overall performance of medium and small businesses in terms of individual countries; the criteria for obstacles to doing business in Ukraine were identified. In order to analyze the positioning of Ukraine in the global space, a study of the essential characteristics of ratings and indices that assess the social, economic and political spheres in Ukraine, highlights the current state of small and medium business, identified its place in interstate comparisons. The key directions of activation of small and medium business in the conditions of economic crisis caused by the world pandemic are generalized and singled out. The research methods: are comparison, explanation, abstraction, empirical analysis and synthesis, a combined method of similarity and divergence. Current situation and negative trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine and institutional constraints on entrepreneurship caused by the economic crisis due to the global pandemic require increased attention to the current problem of business units and use the positive experience of leading European countries. medium business. In the long run, Ukraine must ensure the sustainable development of its own institutional and legal framework for SME policy, expand deregulation measures and ensure a level playing field for SMEs. In addition, promoting the greening and internationalization of SMEs and providing business development services will help increase the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. Prospects for further research lie in the field of comparative analysis of government policy research in the field of small and medium-sized businesses in the European dimension in order to identify contradictions.

The task of small scale businesses in the development of emerging nations has been perceived to be essential in conquering financial difficulties described by high rate of unemployment, high destitution rates and pay disparities, particularly in developing nations. The disruptions caused due to changed circumstances have led to the loss of revenue for businesses and exposed them to a vulnerable environment. Government grants and assistance as a tool for development and growth of small scale businesses are phenomenal. The study aimed at ascertaining the effect of government grant on employee performance of small scale businesses. Taking into account the challenges facing small scale businesses and provision of government grants in Nigeria, other specific objectives were aimed at Evaluating the effect of government training on employee performance of small scale businesses and secondly, To find out how lack of access to finance influences employee performance of Small scale businesses. Theoretical framework of the study was based on motivation theory. A cross sectional, explanatory and descriptive research design was employed and questionnaire was administered to 133 sampled respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained. The findings of the study shows that government training has a positive effect on employee performance while a low relationship exist between lack of access to finance and employee commitment. The low value of multiple correlation of determination indicates that there are other important factors that affect the employee commitment other than lack of access to finance. The study concludes that government grant has a positive effect on employee performance and thus recommends that Government grants and assistance agencies should aim at helping Small scale businesses with different marketing strategies to guarantee that they comprehend the market.

The article highlights the main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses and the functions of the state as a supporter of business development, which consists in providing not only financial but also information support, creation and maintenance of institutional support and infrastructure. The reasons of ineffective activity of the enterprises, connected with the unbalanced state policy and the lack of protection from the state are also considered. The current directions of support of small and medium-sized businesses, including those taking into account European programs, are described. State support for small and medium-sized businesses today can be considered insufficiently effective, as evidenced by a number of examples and the consequences of ill-considered decisions of the authorities, which, with the aim of stabilizing the economy in the state, have a tangible impact on the activities of small businesses and endanger the existence of a significant part of it. The development for small and medium-sized businesses is important for the country in terms of social and economic character. Effective development of this sector of the economy requires state support at the proper level. Ukraine does not have such support because of the large number of deterrent factors. A number of measures have been proposed for small and medium-sized businesses development. Among them – the universal methods of state regulation and acceleration. Also, in order to stimulate the activities for small and medium-sized businesses, it was proposed to consider the experience of European countries. Small business abroad serves as a basis for a stable economy and is the basis for the EU's social and economic development. Small business stimulates the development of competition, the introduction of the latest technology. Therefore, European society for small and medium-sized businesses, the main purpose of which is to balance the interests of the state and business, provide optimal conditions for entrepreneurship, increase the competitiveness o for small and medium-sized businesses and the country in particular. Ukraine has no clear strategy for regulating for small and medium-sized businesses, the financing system for the formation and development of small businesses is imperfect, legal and organizational issues for micro enterprises remain unmanageable.

Relevance. The effective development of small and medium-sized businesses contributes to the acceleration of the socio-economic development of the district, generally changing the quality of life of the population. On the example of the Orel region, the problems that commercial organizations face in the course of their activities are investigated. The paper examines the existing regional projects in the Orel region, as well as what impact they have on the regional economy and what consequences they entail. In addition, statistical data and key indicators are analyzed.It is worth noting that the digital transformation of the Russian economy in the current conditions of globalization and the emergence of new information technologies is becoming an objective necessity. Thus, the article contains the directions of digital transformation in the small business sector by promoting the national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative". The purpose of the study is to study a federal-scale national project, namely, consideration of the implementation of the project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative" on the example of the Orel region. Objectives. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consider historical references on the development of small business in Russia, the project targets and objectives, federal projects included in the national project, indicators and results of the existing programs of the national project in the Orel region and especially focus on the comparative analysis of indicators in the past period and now. Methodology. In the process of studying the issue of the implementation of the project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative", methods of logical, statistical analysis, synthesis method, consistency and others were used. Results. Using the analysis of indicators in the past period and currently, a preliminary conclusion has been made about the effectiveness and efficiency of the measures used to support small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that small and medium-sized businesses need the support of the state. The national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative" has the status of active implementation in the Orel region.

The article discusses the problems of maintaining and stimulating entrepreneurial activity in territories of various stadial affiliation, first of all, in emergency situations in order to preserve their efficiency, stability and vitality. As you know, in the context of increasing external instability and the spread of a new coronavirus infection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized businesses, a significant part of which were engaged in providing services to the population, suffered the most. The prolonged lockdown had a negative impact on the economic performance of small businesses, development opportunities, and the employment of workers in them. The article analyzes the dynamics of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The trend of reduction since 2018 of both the total number of small and medium-sized businesses and the number of employees employed in them is shown. Analysis of the situation in small business showed that there have been not only quantitative, but also structural changes in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Belarus. In the current situation, the process of re-registration of small enterprises of the republic into individual entrepreneurs and micro-enterprises was initiated, due to their more competitive tax parameters in the current conditions and the possibility of reducing personnel to minimum values. The study shows significant improvements in the business climate in the Republic of Bashkortostan in recent years. At the end of 2019, in accordance with the Index of Administrative Pressure - 2020, the republic took 11th place among 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, having risen from 38th place over the year, which is due to a significant simplification of registration procedures, the introduction of the institution of “self-employed” on the territory of the republic, and other innovations. Nevertheless, at present, small business in the republic has not overcome the consequences of the economic crisis caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, it is becoming remote, remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The traditional mechanism of entrepreneurs' actions in conditions of deteriorating economic conditions is described. The author analyzes the measures taken by the SMEs themselves in the territories of various stages of the life cycle, in particular, the transition to Internet commerce and the state (three packages of support measures in the Republic of Belarus) to continue activities in the context of the coronavirus crisis. The article substantiates the urgency of developing a mechanism to stimulate entrepreneurial activity in emergency situations in the territories of the ascending and descending stages of the life cycle.

Discussion and analysis of small businesses tends to work on generalised, popularised understanding and knowledge of what their motivations are and how they behave in a business environment. The need to explore below these generalisations into the submerged variables and relationships is argued in this paper if academics and policy makers seriously want to interpret and induct theory and practice from the key actors within their natural habitat. Thus, this paper provides a conceptual framework relative to small, urban tourism business performance, which is used as an analytical framework to guide the interpretation of qualitative research undertaken with small businesses in the City of Glasgow. Specifically, discussion and conclusions focus on the complexity and multi‐dimensional nature of small tourism business performance, aspects pertaining to competitive advantages, and the enterprise development issues arising from the prioritisation of lifestyle objectives over those of a more explicit economic nature. Conclusions are drawn relative to research, managerial and enterprise policy implications.