Abstract
This paper proposes a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for thermoelectric generators (TEG). The new-presented method is based on implementing an indirect open circuit voltage detection and short circuit current estimation methods, which will be used to directly control the TEG interface power converter, resulting in reaching the maximum power point (MPP) in minimal number of steps. Two modes of operation are used in the proposed algorithm, namely the perturb and observe (P&O) method for fine-tuning and the transient mode for coarse tracking of the MPP during fast changes that occur to the temperature gradient across the structure. A novel voltage sensing technique as well is proposed in this work, to reduce the number of voltage sensors used to control and monitor the power converter. The proposed strategy employs a novel approach to sense two different voltages using the same voltage sensor. The input and output voltage information is collected from an intermediate point in the converter. The reconstructed voltages are used in the control loops as well as for monitoring the battery output or load voltages. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the sensing technique.
Highlights
Due to the rising costs and the scarce availability and depletion of traditional fossil fuels, efforts have intensified in looking for new sources that are preferably renewable in nature
It is clear that the optimum selection of the current will guarantee maximum power point (MPP) operation, which is achieved by matching the load of the converter to the Thermoelectric generators (TEG) internal resistance
The proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm uses the perturb and observe (P&O) mode for fine-tuning to the MPP, and the transient mode for the direct relocation of the operating point to the new MPP when there is a sudden change mode for the direct relocation of the operating point to the new MPP when there is a sudden change in the temperature gradient across the structure
Summary
Due to the rising costs and the scarce availability and depletion of traditional fossil fuels, efforts have intensified in looking for new sources that are preferably renewable in nature. The TEG can be used as an energy-harvesting device that recovers waste heat from sources such as industrial processes, which will result in an overall increase in the efficiency of these processes They may be utilized to harness power form some renewable sources such as solar thermal and geothermal energy sources. In [22], an open circuit voltage measurement technique that does not require disconnecting the TEG form the converter has been proposed. The other mode of operation is the transient mode, and it takes over when there is a fast or sudden change in the open circuit voltage due to a change in the temperature gradient During this operating mode, the proposed VOC measurement method will be applied, to rapidly adjust for the new MPP location.
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