Abstract
BackgroundIsolated degenerative joint disease and/or Freiberg’s infraction of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, although not frequent may become debilitating in the younger individual. Currently, once conservative management fails, the mainstay of treatment is debridement and excision-interposition arthroplasty. Replacement arthroplasty has been ineffective in the long term as the joints are subject to severe repetitive fatigue loading over small articulating surfaces through a wide range of motion. This is an in vitro and cadaver study of a new design replacement arthroplasty developed by the senior author.The aim of this study is to evaluate this novel replacement arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint in a laboratory setting and cadaver implantation.MethodsThis three-component mobile bearing device is made of titanium and high density polyethylene which evolved over 4 years. It was subjected to 5,000,000 cycles in a laboratory under physiological and excessive forces to assess resistance to fatigue failure and wear pattern of the polyethylene liner. Following these tests, it was implanted in 15 fresh frozen cadavers at various stages of its development, during which the surgical technique was perfected. Range of motion and stability was tested using custom made instrumentation in four cadavers. The implant was inserted in a further two cadavers by an independent foot and ankle surgeon to check reproducibility.ResultsThe device showed almost no signs of wear or surface deformation under physiological forces. The surgical technique was found to be simple and reproducible in the cadaver trial.The average dorsiflexion was 28.5° and 28.9° pre- and post-implant respectively. The average plantar flexion was 33.8° and 20.8° pre- and post- implant respectively. The joints were stable both pre- and post-operatively. Post-operative stability was objectively assessed for dorsal displacement and dorsiflexion using a 5 kgf (49 N) and was found to be excellent.ConclusionThis novel lesser metatarsophalangeal joint replacement arthroplasty has been developed as an option in the surgical treatment of symptomatic degenerative joint disease and/or Freiberg’s infraction resistant to conservative treatment. The implant was found to be durable and resistant to wear in the laboratory testing. The cadaver studies have shown it to require minimal specialized instrumentation with good surgical reproducibility.This proof of concept study is the basis for clinical trials.
Highlights
Degenerative arthritis of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint (LMTPJ) in the foot is a relatively uncommon condition as compared to the inflammatory arthritides
Saragas et al BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2021) 22:424 (Continued from previous page). This novel lesser metatarsophalangeal joint replacement arthroplasty has been developed as an option in the surgical treatment of symptomatic degenerative joint disease and/or Freiberg’s infraction resistant to conservative treatment
Laboratory results From the photographic images captured after testing, it was clear that almost no sign of wear or surface deformation is visible on all four implants tested at the respective physiological compression forces (Fig. 14 - The four implants each with the respective compressive forces as well as the sizes after completing 5,000,000 cycles at physiological forces)
Summary
Degenerative arthritis of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint (LMTPJ) in the foot is a relatively uncommon condition as compared to the inflammatory arthritides. Often the arthritis is isolated to one joint and commonly due to previous trauma or Freiberg’s infraction This condition may become debilitating in the younger individual. Isolated degenerative joint disease and/or Freiberg’s infraction of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, not frequent may become debilitating in the younger individual. Replacement arthroplasty has been ineffective in the long term as the joints are subject to severe repetitive fatigue loading over small articulating surfaces through a wide range of motion. This is an in vitro and cadaver study of a new design replacement arthroplasty developed by the senior author. The aim of this study is to evaluate this novel replacement arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint in a laboratory setting and cadaver implantation
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