Abstract
Myloplus zorroi sp. n. is described from the Rio Madeira Basin in Amazonia. The new species had been treated as an undescribed Tometes species because of the absence of a marked abdominal keel and few small spines forming its prepelvic serrae, features commonly found in the species of the Myleus clade of the Serrasalmidae (species of genera Myleus, Mylesinus, Ossubtus and Tometes) and also in species of Utiaritichthys. Myloplus zorroi sp. n. shares the following characters with its congeners and Utiaritichthys: molariform teeth (versus incisiform teeth in Myleus clade members); a labial row of premaxillary teeth separated from lingual row by an internal gap (versus absence of internal gap between premaxillary teeth rows); and an ascending process of premaxilla wide from its base to the tip (versus ascending process tapering from its base to the tip). Like other Myloplus species, Myloplus zorroi sp. n. differs from Utiariticthys by having a deeper body, approximately 60% of standard length (versus usually less than 50% of standard length). Considering all the morphological evidence, including the presence of 13–19 low spines forming the prepelvic serrae in Myloplus zorroi sp. n. versus more than 20 high spines forming a marked prepelvic keel in other species of Mylopus, the new species is here assigned to Myloplus. Comparisons of the new species with nominal species of Myloplus, representatives of the Myleus clade, and other related taxa are provided.
Highlights
Myloplus Gill, 1896 comprises large Serrasalmidae fishes that can reach up to 475 mm standard length (Jégu et al 2003)
Géry (1972) classified the species with premaxillary teeth weakly incisiform, two rows of teeth separated by an internal gap, premaxillary labial row forming a gentle arc, and symphyseal teeth always present in the subgenus Myloplus of the genus Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844, and recognized three species: Myleus (Myloplus) asterias (Müller & Troschel, 1844), Myleus (Myloplus) rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel, 1844), and Myleus (Myloplus) knerii (Steindachner, 1881)
All measurements were calculated as proportions of the standard length (SL), and the subunits of the head are presented as proportions of the head length (HL)
Summary
Myloplus Gill, 1896 comprises large Serrasalmidae fishes that can reach up to 475 mm standard length (Jégu et al 2003) The species of this genus, commonly known as ‘pacu’ in Brazil and ‘asitau’ or ‘kumaru’ in French Guiana, are of high commercial value, in the Amazon (Jégu 2003, Meunier et al 2004). They inhabit slowor rapid-flowing rivers and have specialized dentition for crushing seeds (Goulding 1980, Ota et al 2013). A new serrasalmid species from Madeira river basin
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