A new inventory system to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from domestic wastewater treatment plant

The effectiveness of domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) RBC System (Rotating Biological Contactor), inplemented in WWTP at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan. The objective of this study was to determine the process and effectiveness of domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan. This research carried out for 4 months from April to July 2014. The result of this research that the domestic waste water treatment plant (WWTP) at Kelurahan Sebengkok Kota Tarakan is using RBC system (Rotating Biological Contactor), a processing system by using a system of micro-organisme to break down organic materials. Analysis of the results showed that, the level of effectiviness of domestic waste Water treatment water plant RBC system at Kelurahan Sebengkok Tarakan is very effective. 2013 the average level of effectiveness by 69,24 % and in 2014 by 62, 34 %, decline in the level of effectiveness from 2013 to 2014. Key words : Effectiveness, Waste Water Treatment Plant and RBC

Estimation of greenhouse gases emission from domestic wastewater in Nepal: A scenario-based analysis applicable for developing countries

Objectives : In modern society, domestic wastewater treatment plants are essential infrastructure. However these facilities are also major sources of significant greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate the climate crisis and move towards a sustainable society, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from domestic wastewater treatment plants is an urgent task. Achieving this requires the integrated application of technological improvements and institutional measures.Methods : Fundamental strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from domestic wastewater treatment plants include detailed categorization and quantification of emission sources, the implementation of greenhouse gas reduction facilities, and the enforcement of water usage reduction policies. This study uses modeling software to estimate the detailed emissions of greenhouse gases generated during the domestic wastewater treatment process. Additionally, it establishes the baseline treatment process of the domestic wastewater treatment plant and analyzes the greenhouse gas reduction effects of each facility by incorporating technological methods such as anaerobic digesters and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Furthermore, it evaluates the impact of reducing water usage through water footprint (WF) labeling on greenhouse gas emissions from the domestic wastewater treatment plant as an institutional approach.Results and Discussion : In scenario analysis, the implementation of anaerobic digesters results in a 6.7% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the baseline, while the addition of CHP systems to anaerobic digestion is predicted to reduce emissions by 29.1%. By integrating CHP systems with anaerobic digesters and applying WF labeling, a reduction of 38.3% in greenhouse gas emissions from the domestic wastewater treatment plant compared to the baseline is anticipated. These results demonstrate the significant role of implementing anaerobic digesters, CHP systems, and WF labeling in achieving the carbon neutrality goal of domestic wastewater treatment plants.Conclusion : The integrated application of technological methods, institutional approaches, and detailed emission calculations through process modeling can be considered crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from domestic wastewater treatment plants.

Domestic wastewater management in Greece: Greenhouse gas emissions estimation at country scale

A comparative analysis of methods to represent uncertainty in estimating the cost of constructing wastewater treatment plants

Towards low energy-carbon footprint: Current versus potential P recovery paths in domestic wastewater treatment plants

The introduction of pharmaceutical residues into aquatic environment has threatened the livelihood of aquatic organisms worldwide. The entrance of these residues into the environment originates from sewage effluents discharged from domestic wastewater treatment plants. Up to date, their presence in the sewage effluent is not monitored in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to identify the presence of pharmaceutical residues in the effluent domestic sewage treatment plants employed in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Briefly, ten pharmaceutical compounds, including acetaminophen, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, trimethoprim, lincomycin, carbamazepine, naproxen and ibuprofen, were selected based on their worldwide consumption. Sewage samples from five different types of sewage treatment system were collected. The samples were filtered prior to solid-phase extraction. Finally, the extracted samples were analysed with LC-MS/MS. The analyses showed that only sulfathiazole was not present in all effluent samples. Acetaminophen recorded the highest concentration of 9299 ng/L in an Imhoff Tank. Meanwhile, the lowest concentration of pharmaceutical residue detected was sulfamethazine, i.e. 0.843 ng/L, in a sequencing batch reactor. Overall, six out from ten pharmaceutical residues were found in all sewage samples denoting the inefficiency of current biological treatment systems in removing trace pharmaceutical compounds from sewage.

Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from a hybrid wastewater treatment plant

Wastewater treatment systems contribute significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The main greenhouse gases emitted during the wastewater treatment processes are methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Sequential batch reactor (SBR) is a type of an activated sludge process, and due to its high efficiency, currently, this is the preferred technology for the construction of new wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study presents the estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from SBR domestic wastewater treatment plants in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. We estimated direct emissions from wastewater treatment processes as well as indirect emissions due to energy usage during the treatment process. A total emission of ~35 kt CO2-eq/year was estimated for six SBR-based WWTPs having combined treatment capacity of 474 MLD. All except one of these plants were well managed. In the case of not so well-managed SBR plants, significant methane production occurs during the treatment process. In the long run, if these plants are not well managed, the emission could increase by three to fourfolds for the same treatment capacity. In either case, major GHG emissions are due to CH4 emission during the treatment process. The contribution of N2O is negligible towards total GHG emissions.

Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from Iran's domestic wastewater sector and modeling the emission scenarios by 2030

The communal domestic wastewater treatment plant functions to collect and treat domestic wastewater at the source location according to the communal scale treatment capacity. The communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL) in Suka Damai Hamlet, Siabu Village was built since 2017 using the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) system. This study aims to evaluate the Communal IPAL by analyzing the quality of wastewater compared to PerMenLH No. 68 of 2016, calculating the effectiveness of WWTP, and analyzing community participation in IPAL management . T o compare the quality of wastewater before and after treatment using the Paired t-test method with a significance level of 0.05%, D irect sampling of wastewater on-site in the morning and evening, each with three replications and then analized at the Riau University Fisheries Laboratory. The results showed that the quality of wastewater exceeds the quality standard for the Total Coliform parameter, while the pH, BOD, COD and TSS parameters do not exceed the environmental quality standard. The Communal IPAL at RT 01 RW 02 Dusun Suka Damai, Siabu Village has not been efficient in treating domestic wastewater and the role of the community is still at the level of manipulation. Communal WWTP management needs to be improved so that the effluent quality and processing efficiency values meet the predetermined regulatory standards.

In modern society, domestic wastewater treatment plants are essential infrastructure. However these facilities are also major sources of significant greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate the climate crisis and move towards a sustainable society, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from domestic wastewater treatment plants is an urgent task. Achieving this requires the integrated application of technological improvements and institutional measures. In order to increase and diversify the use of renewable energy, the integrated digestion biogas of organic waste resources, the use of cooling and heating energy based on sewage heat, and the development of salinity gradient power generation were reviewed. Based on this, it was intended to contribute to the preparation of measures to achieve carbon neutrality in sewage treatment facilities. Among the investigated treatment processes, the lowest amount of emissions was observed in the conventional activated sludge process, whereas the highest CO₂ emissions were recorded in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. These results are considered to be associated with nitrogen removal performance during the wastewater treatment process. In addition, energy-intensive processes tended to exhibit higher carbon emissions, which are believed to be strongly influenced by aeration intensity. In particular, in the SBR and MBR processes, electricity consumption increased due to membrane cleaning and excess sludge discharge operations, resulting in a corresponding increase in carbon dioxide emissions per unit volume of treated wastewater. Furthermore, insufficient nitrogen removal within the bioreactor led to nitrogen being discharged in the effluent rather than being released into the atmosphere as nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide. This suggests that relatively low amounts of nitrous oxide were emitted during the treatment process. In general, the global warming potential of wastewater treatment plants is known to be significantly influenced by nitrous oxide, which has a high contribution to climate change. The results of this study can be used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from biological wastewater treatment processes and prepare their reduction plans.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology have been considered a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study chose a small-scale wastewater treatment plant using MBR technology to estimate its potential for GHG emissions. The total GHG emissions from this wastewater treatment plant ranged from 2,802 to 11,946kg CO2 -eq/month within the 4-year study period, and they were mainly attributable to electricity consumption (79.94%) followed by chemical usages (17.13%) and on-site GHG emissions (2.93%). The on-site GHG emissions varied monthly, but most of them ranged from 80 to 160kg CO2 -eq/month. The aeration tank was an important operating unit for GHG emissions. Off-site GHG emissions mainly came from carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions resulting from electricity consumption. The results of this study provide useful information about the potential of GHG emissions from WWTPs using MBR technology and indicate that WWTPs can be sustainably managed. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Wastewater treatment plants have been considered a source of greenhouse gas emissions. Total greenhouse gas emissions from the wastewater treatment plants using membrane bioreactor were mainly attributable to electricity consumption. On-site greenhouse gas emissions were relatively insignificant in this study.

Reclamation and reuse programs are an indispensable part of integrated water resource management, particularly in arid and semi arid regions. Yet, the feasibility of sustainable application not only is relied on design, operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, but also could be influenced by the economical and environmental aspects of reuse demands. This study is aimed to illustrate different policies applicable for upgrading wastewater treatment plants with emphasize on nutrients management in the reclaimed water. For this purpose, 6 domestic wastewater treatment plants in Tehran were analyzed and discussed based on effluent characteristics and reuse demands. As a result, it was recommended that in a framework of demand based policy, and due to economical, practical and environmental limitations, Shahrake Ghods and Mahallati wastewater treatment plants should be upgraded with flexible operated tertiary units. To compare and select the most appropriate unit, the value function was defined and the attached growth based method was determined as a solution. Subsequently, to ensure the environmental protection, the implementation of floating plants treating surface waters, in association with assignment of dynamic trading discharge permit market in reuse program were suggested. Consequently, it was implied that all these solutions would simply be achieved through integrated water and wastewater management.

This research characterizes the proteins in domestic wastewater treatment plant effluents in order to understand the organic fraction of effluent nitrogen. Domestic wastewater treatment plants have been identified as a major source of excess nitrogen that leads to eutrophication in marine environments in general, and the Long Island Sound, in particular. Initiatives to reduce the nitrogen load into Long Island Sound are underway. In Connecticut, regulators have instituted a cap and trade program for nitrogen releases from wastewater treatment plants, and in western Massachusetts new NPDES permits are requiring facilities that release into receiving waters that flow into the sound to monitor and report influent and effluent nitrogen concentrations. The total nitrogen released by wastewater treatment facilities can be successfully reduced through the addition of a nitrification/ denitrification process that removes inorganic nitrogen; however, the process does not remove most of the organic nitrogen. While proteins comprise a significant fraction of wastewater effluent organic carbon and nitrogen, they have not been extensively characterized, and little is known about their fate in the environment. In this study we used proteomics to characterize the proteins in wastewater effluents from three activated sludge plants. Analyses of primary effluent, raw secondary effluent, and 0.45μm filtered secondary effluent samples included solids, COD and nitrogen species. The concentrations of proteins in primary and secondary effluents were measured colorimetrically. The proteins from samples concentrated with ammonium sulfate precipitation were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme proteolytic activities were also assessed. Total nitrogen and total protein were significantly correlated, as were organic nitrogen and protein. Protein profiles showed some proteins that were produced during biological treatment and some that persisted through the process. Most of the proteins in the secondary effluent were dissolved, as indicated by the similar profiles of 0.45μm filtered secondary effluent and crude effluent. The detection of proteolytic enzymes in secondary effluent implies that effluent-derived enzymes may degrade aquatic organic matter and possibly modulate nutrient cycling in receiving waters.