A new insight into the Huisgen reaction: Heterogeneous Copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstitutedtriazole (from 2018-2023).

Abstract

The Huisgen cycloaddition, often referred to as 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition, is a well-established method for synthesizing 1,4-disubstituted triazoles. Originally conducted under thermal conditions [3+2] cycloaddition reactions were limited by temperature, prolonged reaction time, and regioselectivity. The copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has emerged as a prominent method for producing 1,2,3-triazole with excellent yields and exceptional regioselectivity. Copper catalysts conventionally facilitate azide-alkyne cycloadditions, but challenges include instability and recycling issues. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for heterogeneous catalysts in various chemical reactions.The present review covers recent advancements from year 2018 to 2023 in the field of click reactions for obtaining 1,2,3-triazoles through Cu catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the properties of the catalyst, reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, and the impact of different heterogeneous copper catalysts on product yield.