Abstract
The output periods of D flip-flop mixer are variable though the periods of two input frequencies are invariable. To measure the output frequency, the conventional method is to calculate the average value of the output periods and the maximum possible absolute error is a clock period. The variation of the output periods has its own pattern of arrangement and it can provide valuable information. Measuring accuracy can be significantly improved by taking into account all the details of output periods changes. A mathematical model that describes the relationship between the input square waves and the output square waves was developed and the difference of two input frequencies can be estimated by the solution of the model. The new method is quite suitable for measuring small frequency increments of quartz crystal resonators.
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