Abstract
This chapter describes Geothelphusa holthuisi sp. nov. (Brachyura: Potamidae), a new species of freshwater crab from southwestern Taiwan, on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Morphologically, this new species is similar to G. ferruginea Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994, but differs in the shape of the male first gonopods, carapace and male abdomen. Although G. holthuisi occurs in southwestern Taiwan, west of the Central Range, the molecular data indicates it belongs with the clade from eastern Taiwan. This suggests that its ancestors dispersed from eastern Taiwan, across the montane Central Range. The chapter describes this new species and reveals its phylogenetic relationship with others. Keywords:Brachyura; freshwater crab; Geothelphusa holthuisi ; gonopods; Potamidae; southwestern Taiwan
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