Abstract
Pedestrian flows and densities have increased in recent years within transport-related public facilities such as train stations, as well as in private buildings such as shopping centers, event halls or convention centers. Increasing flows and high densities often raise comfort, safety, operational and delay issues; and therefore, require pedestrian flow optimization, intervention or even revised regulation. Recent technological advances enhanced pedestrian sensing; however, they disregard adaptive data capture, processing, and strategic communication within reasonable time, or real-time, such as tactic occupancy or density alarms trigger rules. Content of this research is twofold. First, new data capturing and processing advances of recent technological developments are combined in an integral software and hardware-based framework. Second, applied methods highlight projects and experiences on both pedestrian research and on existing and operating pedestrian facilities. Based on the described, two-sided approach, proposed framework is able to fulfil high safety and comfort standards of facilities such as train stations, retail facilities or event halls. In this research, past semi-automatic video analysis processing of pedestrian behavioral studies is replaced with combined sensor and data processing system within proposed framework. In train stations of major operators, real-time pedestrian observation increases safety levels on station platforms. Tactic algorithms and alarm trigger schemes enable on-time surveillance, e.g. at overcrowded floor levels in shopping centers for escalator or door closure. Sensor data is used to train models for underpass pedestrian flow regarding path choice and fundamental diagram. In retail, queue length, trajectory analysis and floor occupancy are determined for economic, comfort as well as safety evaluation. Using trajectory classification, movement and dwell time is analyzed for staff and visitors separately (see Figure 1).
Highlights
Recent population growth in many countries increase densities in public spaces such as public transportation and its demands; e.g. London already has special schemes for their underground lines such as temporarily closed stations for boarding passengers
There is a cap recognized between sensing technologies with their large and raw data output, and corresponding evaluation and application requiring aggregated data for end users
Most relevant technologies rely on video analysis, laser sensing, WiFi and Bluetooth signal detection
Summary
Recent population growth in many countries increase densities in public spaces such as public transportation and its demands; e.g. London already has special schemes for their underground lines such as temporarily closed stations for boarding passengers. Technological developments have enabled sensing for precise movement captures, including fast data processing such as image recognition. There is a cap recognized between sensing technologies with their large and raw data output, and corresponding evaluation and application requiring aggregated data for end users. The framework is adaptive in areas, environments (indoor, outdoor) and relies on generic data capturing, processing and visualization chain. Most relevant technologies rely on video analysis, laser sensing, WiFi and Bluetooth signal detection. Video and laser rely on light waves and can capture precise images. Sensors are usually mounted on the ceiling for vertical detection to increase precision. This strategy is important, especially in situations with high densities where pedestrians are hidden between each other (example see Figure 1). Sensors where developed which were capable to record trajectories, enabling precise person tracking
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