A New Food-grade Coenzyme Q10 Formulation Improves Bioavailability: Single and Repeated Pharmacokinetic Studies in Healthy Volunteers.

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 is a fundamental endogenous factor involved in cell energy production that shows protective properties in oxidative stress, mainly in skeletal and heart muscle. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation appears to benefit athletes in strenuous training and in the elderly, demonstrating ant-inflammatory properties by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Improved absorption of coenzyme Q10 via a new delivery system would represent an important step forward in the use of coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the solubility and oral absorption in human healthy volunteers of a new food grade coenzyme Q10 phytosome formulation. Solubility studies were performed in vitro in simulated gastrointestinal fluids; human studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate oral absorption in a Single dose study, in comparison with the coenzyme Q10 capsules, and in a repeated study at two increasing doses. The highest solubility shown by coenzyme Q10 phytosome in simulated intestinal fluids results in an improvement in oral absorption of coenzyme Q10 in healthy volunteers, three times more than the coenzyme Q10 according to AUC (area under the time/concentration curve) values. When two increasing doses (one and two capsules) were administered to healthy volunteers within a two-week schedule, the plasmatic levels of coenzyme Q10 resulted in 0.864±0.200 μg/ml (Mean±S.D.+41%) and 1.321±0.400 μg/ml (+116%), respectively versus baseline (0.614±0.120 μg/ml one capsule, 0.614±0.160 μg/ml two capsules). This detected dose-related bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 phytosome was even observed with no alterations in vital signs, neither in the physical examination nor in ECG, and no changes of clinical and biochemical parameters were observed. These findings, taken together, support the safety profile and significantly improved coenzyme Q10 oral absorption in humans with this new phytosome delivery formulation.