Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may be incorporated with thousands of small nodes. This gives them the capability to effectively sense, communicate, and compute parameters. However, the security and life span of a WSN node is a primary concern. This paper is focused on introducing a mathematical model of a modified Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEC) based on novel election multi-tier random probability protocol for agricultural WSNs to enhance the life span of a WSN node along with a comparison of it with existing DEC protocol. In the proposed model, the selection of cluster heads, (CH), is done based on the energy drain pattern and location of the sensor nodes, which increased the lifespan of sensor nodes. In addition, several WSN probabilistic routing protocols to save energy throughout data transmissions like Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS), DEC, and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) are explained. Moreover, it has been found that, after some mathematical modification in existing DEC routing, it will be capable to give a more positive result and reduce the energy drain in WSN nodes using a selective cluster head technique based on residual energy of sensor nodes. The DEC protocol is also compared with our proposed modified protocol for showing the energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency of clustering is associated with the field of energy sustainability of wireless sensor networks which is in the scope of Symmetry journal.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained popularity due to its applications and ease of installation [1,2]
Energy-Efficient Clustering protocol based on novel election multi-tier random probability in modified non-residual format Non-Residual Modified-Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering (NR-MDEC)
We proposed a mathematical model to increase the heterogeneity of the clustering algorithms and extend the three-tier structure to a four-tier structure
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained popularity due to its applications and ease of installation [1,2]. These networks are used for the collection and transmission of various parameters depending upon its application. WSNs are self-organized and self-maintained due to its powerful operating system and consume less power and operational time These networks reorganize by pre-programmed instructions based on the predefined parameter’s quantity and place. The proposed protocol will have random nodes, which will be placed at different distance locations within the radio signal range. The radio range will depend on the environment and the life expectancy of the node. The network classifications and other parameters are being explained for providing simplicity
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