Abstract
Tanzania forms the epicentre of chameleon speciation in Africa for both Chamaeleo Laurenti 1768 and Rhampholeon Günther 1874, with six of the 11 known taxa of the latter genus represented. A further new species is described from the montane forests of the Uluguru mountains. The hemipenal morphology is described and compared with other species of Rhampholeon. Distribution patterns within the genus are discussed, and the association of a sub-group within the genus with the Afromontane Archipelago is emphasized.
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