A new differential protection scheme based on Synchro-squeezing transform applied to AC Micro-Grid

Abstract

In recent years, the protection of a microgrid has been a substantial challenge. This paper performs a differential protection scheme for the micro-grid based on Synchro-Squeezing Transform (SST). The proposed scheme protects the micro-grid in different modes i.e. islanded or grid-connected mode. Also, it is investigated in the ring and radial configuration. In the proposed scheme, currents on two sides of the line are measured by current transformers (CTs), and then differential current (IDiff) is calculated. This current is applied to extract the absolute value of the summation of the square root (ASSR). In this stage, transient and external faults without CT saturation and different switching such as connected or disconnected load/capacitor/distributed generation are detected from different internal faults. In the next stage, the frequency components of SST (FCSST) are extracted. By this feature, external fault and cross-country fault with CT saturation are detected. The proposed scheme is evaluated in noisy conditions, fault in different section of line with high resistance fault (HRF), and high impedance faults (HIF) of line. The micro-grid is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC by various distributed generation (DG) like wind generation and photovoltaic systems penetrated at different buses. The proposed protection scheme is coded in MATLAB. The simulations represent the proposed protection scheme is correctly discriminate external and internal faults. At the same time, the method is immune to CT saturation and cross-country faults.