Abstract

A new definition of atomic charges in molecules is presented which conserves charge and dipole moment. It contains the Mulliken and Lowdin definitions as special cases of zero and first order truncations of commutator expansions. The definition allows for a systematic improvement of charges paralleling the improvement of the basis set in the LCAO approximation. We have tested the definition in thirteen selected diatomics and polyatomics in optimal minimal Slater basis set SCF calculations by means of 4G-level Gaussian expansions. The results suggest that the proposed definition is better than either Mulliken's or Lowdin's definition.

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