Abstract
BackgroundThe application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to microbial identification has allowed the development of rapid methods for identification of microorganisms directly in positive, blood cultures (BCs). These methods can yield accurate results for monomicrobial BCs, but often fail to identify multiple microorganisms in polymicrobial BCs. The present study was aimed at establishing a rapid and simple method for identification of bacteria and yeast in polymicrobial BCs from patients with bloodstream infection.ResultsThe rapid method herein proposed is based on short-term culture in liquid media allowing selective growth of microorganisms recovered from polymicrobial BCs, followed by rapid identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, 56 polymicrobial BCs were comparatively analyzed with the rapid and routine methods. The results showed concordant identification for both microbial species in 43/50 (86%) BCs containing two different microorganisms, and for two microbial species in six BCs containing more than two different species. Overall, 102/119 (85.7%) microorganisms were concordantly identified by the rapid and routine methods using a cut-off value of 1.700 for valid identification. The mean time to identification after BC positivity was about 4.2 h for streptococci/enterococci, 8.7 h for staphylococci, 11.1 h for Gram-negative bacteria, and 14.4 h for yeast, allowing a significant time saving compared to the routine method.ConclusionsThe proposed method allowed rapid and reliable microbial identification in polymicrobial BCs, and could provide clinicians with timely, useful information to streamline empirical antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients.
Highlights
The application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to microbial identification has allowed the development of rapid methods for identification of microorganisms directly in positive, blood cultures (BCs)
Microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS directly in positive BC is intrinsically difficult for polymicrobial BCs, since the peaks of multiple species merge into a single mass spectrum and the results obtained often yield the identification of the predominant microorganism only [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
Evaluation of the accuracy of a rapid method for identification of bacteria and yeast in polymicrobial blood cultures Overall, 2456 BCs were analyzed, of which 2324 (94.6%) resulted monomicrobial, while 132 (5.4%) revealed polymicrobial growth after Gram staining; among these latter, 56 (42.4%) BCs were analyzed with both the rapid and routine methods since they met the inclusion criteria used in this study, i.e. from each patient, only the first positive BC containing two or more different categories of microorganisms
Summary
The application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to microbial identification has allowed the development of rapid methods for identification of microorganisms directly in positive, blood cultures (BCs). These methods can yield accurate results for monomicrobial BCs, but often fail to identify multiple microorganisms in polymicrobial BCs. The present study was aimed at establishing a rapid and simple method for identification of bacteria and yeast in polymicrobial BCs from patients with bloodstream infection. Microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS directly in positive BC is intrinsically difficult for polymicrobial BCs, since the peaks of multiple species merge into a single mass spectrum and the results obtained often yield the identification of the predominant microorganism only [14,15,16,17,18,19,20].
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