Abstract
The traditional approach to the evaluation of integrated pest management (rPM) programs has been to compare the success or involvement of program participants with that of a control group comprised of nonprogram cooperators. However, as some of the more established IPM programs have evolved and grown, the nonparticipants or control group has become smaller or in some cases nonexistent. With intensified IPM educational programs, a point can be reached at which all producers of a given commodity or within a given geographical area have been exposed to and influenced by IPM techniques and practices. At this point, participants or cooperators are no longer characterized by the use or non-use of IPM, but instead by the percentage of available IPM practices used.
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