Abstract
In many cases, images contain sensitive information and patterns that require secure processing to avoid risk. It can be accessed by unauthorized users who can illegally exploit them to threaten the safety of people’s life and property. Protecting the privacies of the images has quickly become one of the biggest obstacles that prevent further exploration of image data. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving scheme to protect sensitive information within images. The proposed approach combines deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing code, Arnold transformation (AT), and a chaotic dynamical system to construct an initial S-box. Various tests have been conducted to validate the randomness of this newly constructed S-box. These tests include National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) analysis, histogram analysis (HA), nonlinearity analysis (NL), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), bit independence criterion strict avalanche criterion (BIC-SAC), bit independence criterion nonlinearity (BIC-NL), equiprobable input/output XOR distribution, and linear approximation probability (LP). The proposed scheme possesses higher security wit NL = 103.75, SAC ≈ 0.5 and LP = 0.1560. Other tests such as BIC-SAC and BIC-NL calculated values are 0.4960 and 112.35, respectively. The results show that the proposed scheme has a strong ability to resist many attacks. Furthermore, the achieved results are compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The comparison results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
The trend of transmitting digital information over the Internet is growing exponentially
The results show that the proposed scheme has a strong ability to resist many attacks
Our work proposes a novel method for designing a robust substitution box (S-box) with better cryptography features
Summary
The trend of transmitting digital information over the Internet is growing exponentially. With expanding growth of new Internet channels and technologies, more sophisticated cryptanalysis and more robust and efficient image encryption techniques have become necessary for secure data communication This is because cryptography encodes and transmits data in a specific format that can only be read and processed by those authorized to use advanced mathematical concepts. Block encryption algorithms play an essential role in providing security, such as international data encryption standards (IDES) and advanced encryption standards (AES). Due to their prominent chaos features, S-boxes are a superior choice for designing cryptosystems. S-boxes form one of the fundamental nonlinear components used to provide security for cryptographic schemes
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