A New Class of Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes NaNbCl6‐2xOx for Solid‐state Sodium Batteries

Abstract

AbstractSodium‐based batteries are gaining momentum due to the abundance and lower cost of sodium compared to lithium. Solid‐state sodium batteries can also provide further safety advantages. However, sodium‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) that meet all the rigorous requirements, such as high ionic conductivity, oxidative stability with the cathode, and ease of processability, are lacking. We present here a new class of sodium‐based oxyhalide electrolytes NaNbCl6‐2xOx with a facile mechanochemical synthesis. The oxyhalide NaNbCl4O exhibits close to two orders of magnitude higher ambient‐temperature sodium‐ion conductivity (1.03×10−4 S cm−1) compared to the halide counterpart NaNbCl6 (3×10−6 S cm−1). Structural motifs unique to the oxygen content in NaNbCl6‐2xOx are identified with 23Na and 93Nb magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Solid‐state sodium batteries assembled with NaNbCl4O electrolyte and the cobalt‐ and nickel‐free layered Na0.70Fe0.3Mn0.65Al0.05O2 cathode exhibit a maximum discharge capacity of 155 mAh g−1 with good cycle life at ambient temperature.