A new class of layered Bi2O2S nanopetals by one-pot supercritical-CO2 approach: A reliable electrocatalyst for analgesic bioflavonoid detection

Abstract

Nanomaterials frequently draw a lot of interest in a variety of disciplines, including electrochemistry. Developing a reliable electrode modifier for the selective electrochemical detection of the analgesic bioflavonoid i.e., Rutinoside (RS) is a great challenge. Here in, we have explored the supercritical-CO2 (SC–CO2) mediated synthesis of bismuth oxysulfide (SC–BiOS) and reported it as a robust electrode modifier for the detection of RS. For a comparison study, the same preparation procedure was carried out in the conventional approach (C–BiS). The morphology, crystallography, optical, and elemental contribution analyses were characterized to understand the paradigm shift in the physicochemical properties between SC-BiOS and C–BiS. The results exposed the C–BiS had a nano-rod-like structure with a crystallite size of 11.57 nm; whereas the SC-BiOS had a nano-petal-like structure with a crystallite size of 9.03 nm. The B2g mode in the optical analysis confirms the formation of bismuth oxysulfide by the SC-CO2 method with the Pmnn space group. As an electrode modifier, the SC-BiOS achieved a higher effective surface area (0.074 cm2), higher electron transfer kinetics (0.13 cm s−1), and lower charge transfer resistance (403 Ω) than C–BiS. Further, it provided a wide linear range of 0.1–610.5 μM L−1 with a low detection and quantification limit of 9 and 30nM L−1 and an appreciable sensitivity of 0.706 μA μM−1 cm−2. The selectivity, repeatability, and real-time application towards the environmental water sample with a recovery of 98.87% were anticipated for the SC-BiOS. This SC-BiOS unlocks a fresh avenue to construct a design for the family of electrode modifiers utilized in electrochemical applications.