A new blue luminescent dichlorido-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex with DNA binding and cytotoxic activities: Synthesis, structure and DFT studies

Abstract

A blue luminescent dichlorido-bridged dinuclear copper(II) ( S = 1/2) complex, [Cu II 2(HL) 2(μ-Cl) 2]·2H 2O, 1a was synthesized with the 1:1 reaction of the acyclic tridentate salicylaldehyde 2-pyridyl hydrazone ligand, HL, 1. The complex 1a displays multiple bands in the visible region (400–470 nm). The association constant ( K ass, UV–Vis) was found to be 1.186 × 10 4 for 1a at 298 K. The copper(II)–copper(III) oxidation potential lies near 0.32 V versus Ag/AgCl electrode. On excitation at 390 nm, the ligand 1 strongly emits at 444 nm due to an intraligand 1(π–π ∗) transition. Upon complexation with copper(II) the emission peak is slightly red shifted ( λ ex 390 nm, λ em 450 nm, F/ F 0 0.81) with little quenching. Molecular structure of 1a (Cu···Cu 3.523 Å) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. DFT and TDDFT calculations strongly support the spectral behavior of the ligand and the complex. The complex 1a exhibits a strong interaction towards DNA as revealed from the K b (intrinsic binding constant) 2.05 × 10 4 M −1 and K sv (Stern–Volmer quenching constant) 2.47 values. The complex exhibits cytotoxic effect and the LD 50 value for HeLa cells was calculated as 5.44 μM at which the cell cycle was arrested at G 2/ M phase.