A New Biotechnology Method of Bioelements' Accumulation Monitoring in In Vitro Culture of Agaricus bisporus.

Agata Krakowska,Witold Reczyński,Włodzimierz Opoka,Bożena Muszyńska,Karolina Szewczyk,Tomasz Krakowski

doi:10.3390/molecules26175165

Abstract

Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach is one the most popular species of edible mushrooms in the world because of its taste and nutritional properties. In the research, repeatability of accumulation of bioelements and biomass yield in experimentally chosen in vitro culture medium, was confirmed. The in vitro cultures were conducted on the modified Oddoux medium enriched with bioelements (Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe). The aim of the study was to create an effective method of sampling, which enabled non-invasive monitoring of metals concentrations changes in the medium, during increase of biomass in in vitro cultures. The first, indirect method of sampling was applied. The non-invasive probe (a dipper) for in vitro culture was used; hence, the highest biomass increase and metals accumulation were gained. The method also guaranteed culture sterility. The second method, a direct one, interfered the in vitro culture conditions and growth of mycelium, and as a consequence the lower biomass increase and metals’ accumulation were observed. Few cases of contaminations of mycelium in in vitro cultures were observed. The proposed method of non-invasive sampling of the medium can be used to monitor changes in the concentrations of metals in the medium and their accumulation in the mycelium in natural environment. Changes in concentrations of the selected metals over time, determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry, made it possible to correlate the obtained results with the specific stages of A. bisporus mycelium development and to attempt to explain the mechanism of sampling metals from the liquid substrate.

Highlights

IntroductionFruiting bodies of A. bisporus contain numerous biologically active metabolites and bioelements
The experiments demonstrated that the extracts from A. bisporus inhibit activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which may be used in supporting the Alzheimer disease treatment [13]
The success of the present work was owing to the construction of a dipper which allowed for monitoring of the changes in Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe concentrations in liquid media during biomass growth

Summary

Introduction

Fruiting bodies of A. bisporus contain numerous biologically active metabolites and bioelements. This species is a valuable source of fiber, endo- and exogenic amino acids, unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid) and has valuable substances exhibiting antioxidant activity (ergothioneine, sterols, indole, and phenolic substances; selenium, zinc, and vitamins) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Prohealth importance of A. bisporus is derived from anticancer activity confirmed in curing and preventing from the recurrence of breast and prostate cancer [6]. Tyrosinase and polysaccharides from A. bisporus fruiting bodies are responsible for anticancer properties [11,12]. The experiments demonstrated that the extracts from A. bisporus inhibit activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which may be used in supporting the Alzheimer disease treatment [13]

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Conclusion