Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) protocols have encountered great challenges as the growth of technology has led to many limitations of the performance of the IoT protocols. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT) is one of the most dominant protocols in most fields of smart applications, so it has been chosen in this research to be a use case for implementing and evaluating a new proposed Back-off algorithm that is designed to eliminate suspicious and fake messages by calculating an initial frequent rate for each publisher connected to the MQTT broker. The proposed Back-off algorithm was designed to mitigate the traffic load of the uplink traffic by applying an exponential delay factor to suspicious publishers. Another priority scheduling algorithm was proposed to classify publishers as high priority or low priority depending on the new calculated frequent rate. The two algorithms were implemented on the Mosquitto broker and evaluated using a simulation environment by measuring specified performance metrics. The simulated results proved that the Back-off algorithm eliminated network load and introduced an acceptable range of CPU and RAM consumption. The results also concluded that the priority classification algorithm managed to reduce the latency of high-priority publishers.
Highlights
Binding the whole world became an easy mission by using new technologies with the aid of the internet
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT) is implemented in different widespread applications such as Health care monitoring devices and sensors that rely on Internet of Things (IoT) technology [12], social media like Instagram, a Facebook messenger [13], energy monitoring in industrial applications [14], surveillance [15], smart farming and soil states monitoring [16], android application and smart homes[17]
This paper contributes to proposing a new algorithm to help overcome some of the presented problems and limitations of IoT protocols, especially MQTT protocol that affects the communication delay of the overall traffic of the network
Summary
Binding the whole world became an easy mission by using new technologies with the aid of the internet. Due to the diversity of IoT applications in different fields of life, various types of IoT protocols are employed depending on the required function of the protocol These protocols can gather data from sensing nodes or send data and manage communication between sensing nodes and the processing nodes depending on the function required from the protocol at every point in the network, a suitable protocol was employed [8]. The main central device that is responsible for receiving and sending messages from publishers to subscribers is called the MQTT broker. The broker is responsible for message organization and distribution of messages among publishers and subscribers It can handle thousands of connections simultaneously. MQTT is implemented in different widespread applications such as Health care monitoring devices and sensors that rely on IoT technology [12], social media like Instagram, a Facebook messenger [13], energy monitoring in industrial applications [14], surveillance [15], smart farming and soil states monitoring [16], android application and smart homes[17]
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