Abstract
Conventional cooling approaches that target either a singular tab or outer surface of common format cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells suffer from a high cell thermal resistance. Under an aggressive duty cycle, this resistance can result in the formation of large in-cell temperature gradients and high hot spot temperatures, which are known to accelerate ageing and further reduce performance. In this paper, a novel approach to internal thermal management of cylindrical battery cells to lower the thermal resistance for heat transport through the inside of the cell is investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is analysed for two common cylindrical formats when subject to highly aggressive electrical loading conditions representative of a high performance electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A mathematical model that captures the dominant thermal properties of the cylindrical cell is created and validated using experimental data. Results from the extensive simulation study indicate that the internal cooling strategy can reduce the cell thermal resistance by up to 67.8 ± 1.4% relative to single tab cooling, and can emulate the performance of a more complex pack-level double tab cooling approach whilst targeting cooling at a single tab.
Highlights
With their high energy and power density, lithium-ion batteries possess attractive characteristics for energy storage systems integrated within future hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and fullD
Relative to past applications of heat pipes for cooling cylindrical battery cells, the proposed heat pipe system discussed in this work utilises the more efficient axial heat conduction pathways present within the cell to further increase the rate of heat transfer from the cell into the heat pipe
The thermal modelling highlights that the formed heat-conduction network enables a dramatic reduction in internal cell temperature gradient, owing to the reduced thermal resistance for heat transfer through the inside of the cell
Summary
With their high energy and power density, lithium-ion batteries possess attractive characteristics for energy storage systems integrated within future hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and full. Due to the inherent lack of control over the increasing perpendicular temperature gradient associated with external cooling strategies under higher rates of volumetric heat generation, internal cooling strategies have been investigated to alleviate the thermal issues associated with the cell internals [7] One such method, discussed by Sievers et al [24], utilises a cooling channel to pass mineral oil through both the mandrel of a cylindrical cell and along its outer surface. Their simulations revealed that the internal temperature gradient could be reduced (for a set volumetric heat generation) upon increasing the size of the inner cooling channel at the cost of a decline in the cell volumetric energy density.
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