Abstract
Electricity is the most important form of household energy and one of the most important forms of energy for industry and transport. Electrical distribution in construction and transport is almost exclusively implemented using electrical cables. One of the unresolved problems associated with electrical cables is the release of smoke and the resulting reduction of visibility in case of fire in the area. In this study, a new approach was developed to assess the reduction of visibility in an area affected by an electrical cable fire. This approach is based on the determination of the critical ratio of smoke volume (in the smoke layer and exhausted from the fire compartment) to the length of the burning cable, through which the visibility of reflective and illuminated signs was reduced to a lower limit value (a standard of 10 m). The input data for this approach was the extinction area of the smoke released from one meter of burning cable and the length of the cables in the area. This approach was used to test two power cables (CHKE-V J3x1.5 and CHKE-R J3x1.5) and one signal cable J-H(St)H 1 × 2 × 0.8 with the B2ca, s1, d1, a1 fire reaction class. The smoke extinction area of the examined cables was determined using a cone calorimeter at a heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The obtained data showed that in order to maintain a visibility of 10 m for reflective signs, the critical ratio of smoke volume to length of burning cable was 7.5 m3/m. For illuminated signs, the critical ratio was 2.8 m3/m. The relationship between burning length and visibility allows the calculation of visibility in the fire compartment affected by cable fire only from cables length.
Highlights
Electricity is one of the most important forms of household energy and one of the most important forms of energy for industry and transport.With the increasing share of hybrid and electric vehicles, the importance of electricity is growing in automotive transport
The time dependencies of the critical ratios of smoke volume to burning cable length was determined for three types of cables with fire reaction classes B2ca, s1, d1, and a1, manufactured
Function of the mass of the polymer components, because cable has a higher mass of polymeric components per meter (Table 1) and a smaller smoke extinction the CHKE-V cable has a higher mass of polymeric components per meter (Table 1) and a smaller area (Table 3) than the CHKE-R cable
Summary
Electricity is one of the most important forms of household energy and one of the most important forms of energy for industry and transport (especially electric trains, trams, metro and trolleybuses). With the increasing share of hybrid and electric vehicles, the importance of electricity is growing in automotive transport. Electricity distribution in households, industry, transport and construction is mostly implemented using electrical cables and, to a lesser extent, by non-insulated electric conductors. The use of electrical cable gives rise to two significant risks. Electric shock has been extensively studied in several scientific papers, e.g., [1,2]. To suffer an electric shock from an electrical cable it is necessary that the insulation of the cable is damaged. The insulation may Safety 2019, 5, 44; doi:10.3390/safety5030044 www.mdpi.com/journal/safety
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