A New Approach of Abnormal Apoptosis Implicated in Malignancy and Autoimmunity

Abstract

Auto-reactive cells which escape from natural apoptosis represent a continuous threat of potential autoimmune response. Abnormal apoptosis can play a role in negative selection of B and T lymphocytes that escaped the selfreactive nature, and so, apoptosis could represent an additional source of auto-antibody. Increased activity of T cells(CD3 +, CD4 +, or Th1 helper)) will, at a high serum level, cause a high expression of various types of inflammatory interleukins: IL1-β, IL2. The most important regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in T and B cells are: death receptor cells, CD 95(Fas), TNF tumor necrosis, caspases, family Bcl-2 proto-oncogenes, Bax gene, p53 tumor suppressor gene, and NF-κB nuclear factor of transcription and micro RNAs (miRNAs).The “decision” to undergo programmed cell death is made only in the presence of extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic messengers. Extrinsic inductors are ligands – cytokines – that bind to death receptors (DRs) found on the cells’ surface, while intrinsic inductors come from the mitochondria or from the nucleus cells.