Abstract
Aims. The realization of an experimental set-up for the quantitative and objective description of drawing using optoelectronic systems, which could be used when a quantification of the realization of specific drawing tests is required. Methods. Healthy subjects, subjects with Parkinson's Disease and subjects with Parkinson's Disease and Dementia were evaluated by the Mini Mental Scale Evaluation and by a new approach to the Clock Drawing Test, based on an optoelectronic acquisition. The new protocol hereby described aims to define a parameter related to the movement kinematics in the Clock Drawing test execution. Results. The experimental set-up revealed to be valid introducing new objective measurements beside the subjective Clock Drawing Test. This paper suggests the applicability of this protocol to other fields of motor and cognitive valuation, as well as the introduction of new parameters related to the graphic movement.
Highlights
Writing and drawing are the final output of a complex neurological, psychological, and motor action and can be used to investigate both the movement capabilities and the cognitive functions of the subjects.Simple drawing tests are commonly used for the clinical evaluation of cognitive capabilities, especially in the elderly, in order to assess the presence of dementia and to estimate its extent.Through the analysis of both the graphic gesture and the drawing contents, it is possible to obtain a report of the subject’s psicophisical health
Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease and subjects with Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia were evaluated by the Mini Mental Scale Evaluation and by a new approach to the Clock Drawing Test, based on an optoelectronic acquisition
The graphic gesture was acquired with an optoelectronic system with six cameras (SMART, BTS, Italy), at a frequency of 120 Hz, and with an integrated video system (Vixta, BTS, Italy) for videorecording
Summary
Writing and drawing are the final output of a complex neurological, psychological, and motor action and can be used to investigate both the movement capabilities and the cognitive functions of the subjects.Simple drawing tests are commonly used for the clinical evaluation of cognitive capabilities, especially in the elderly, in order to assess the presence of dementia and to estimate its extent.Through the analysis of both the graphic gesture and the drawing contents, it is possible to obtain a report of the subject’s psicophisical health. Writing and drawing are the final output of a complex neurological, psychological, and motor action and can be used to investigate both the movement capabilities and the cognitive functions of the subjects. Simple drawing tests are commonly used for the clinical evaluation of cognitive capabilities, especially in the elderly, in order to assess the presence of dementia and to estimate its extent. The presence of different typologies of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI, and Parkinson’s disease dementia PDD) can be found. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a qualitative neurological drawing test commonly used as a screening instrument for cognitive capabilities in the senile population and to evaluate the functional capabilities in the elderly. The test is administrable, requires little time, and shows a good sensitivity in measuring the cognitive functions in the elderly
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