Abstract
ABSTRACT A new analytical approach for the species discrimination of Ganodermataceae mushroom was developed by using data fusion strategy based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared ATR-FTIR and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and applying the chemometric tools. The optimization for determination of UV–vis spectra was described. The multivariate discrimination ways used were t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Random Forest (RF). The data fusion levels used were low- and mid-data fusion. The performance of the model was assessed by several parameters as root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV), R2Y(cum), and Q2 (cum). The discrimination results were evaluated by accuracy from the test set, which was composed of samples with unknown origin. The new proposed method took shorter time and lower cost, and the results showed good discrimination power among various species. PLS-DA and RF models based on mid-level fusion data were able to classify mushrooms according to real origin, confirming the potential of data fusion and chemometrics in mushrooms species discrimination.
Highlights
A common action in the sale of mushrooms in the foodstuffs industry is the use of replacement
The ATR-FTIR spectra were recorded by a FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) equipped with a deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector
Best optimization condition was evaluated according to the number, shape, and value of absorption peak
Summary
A common action in the sale of mushrooms in the foodstuffs industry is the use of replacement. The products (supplements or drugs) can be produced with those counterfeits or embodied as ingredient. Not concerned adequately in the past, it has been attracting increasingly greater attention recently, mainly because of the high requirement of food quality and safety by people with the development of socio-economic level. To regulate such action for the foodstuffs industry, there are some mandatory regulations. The Argentinean Food Code (CAA) requires that the accurate information about the olive oil origin must be included in the product label.[1]. Traditional balsamic vinegars of Modena, which have specific chemical and sensory characteristics, can be accepted by “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO).[2]
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