Abstract
We describe adults, tadpoles, and vocalization of a new Amazonian species of Colostethus from a terra firme rainforest locality south of the Amazon River near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. This species is characterized by the absence of dorsolateral and ventrolateral stripes, the presence of a short, diffuse oblique lateral stripe, Finger III of male not swollen, and the presence of a black or gray throat in the male. In addition, the new species is larger than three other species in the Amazon region (C. caeruleodactylus, C. marchesianus, and C. stepheni) and its call, typically composed of long bouts of continuous notes, is distinct from these three species. This species is the fourth known Colostethus with an endotrophic tadpole; in three of these species, including C. nidicola, eggs are deposited and develop entirely in a terrestrial nest. Clutches of C. nidicola are composed of about three eggs and are placed in leaf litter on the forest floor. Whether C. nidicola is closely related to any of the other t...
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