Abstract
Objective. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a valuable tool for ameliorating drug resistant pathologies such as movement disorders and epilepsy. DBS is also being considered for complex neuro-psychiatric disorders, which are characterized by high variability in symptoms and slow responses that hinder DBS setting optimization. The objective of this work was to develop an in silico platform to examine the effects of electrical stimulation in regions neighboring a stimulated brain region. Approach. We used the Jansen–Rit neural mass model of single and coupled nodes to simulate the response to a train of electrical current pulses at different frequencies (10–160 Hz) of the local field potential recorded in the amygdala and cortical structures in human subjects and a non-human primate. Results. We found that using a single node model, the evoked responses could be accurately modeled following a narrow range of stimulation frequencies. Including a second coupled node increased the range of stimulation frequencies whose evoked responses could be efficiently modeled. Furthermore, in a chronic recording from a non-human primate, features of the in vivo evoked response remained consistent for several weeks, suggesting that model re-parameterization for chronic stimulation protocols would be infrequent. Significance. Using a model of neural population activity, we reproduced the evoked response to cortical and subcortical stimulation in human and non-human primate. This modeling framework provides an environment to explore, safely and rapidly, a wide range of stimulation settings not possible in human brain stimulation studies. The model can be trained on a limited dataset of stimulation responses to develop an optimal stimulation strategy for an individual patient.
Highlights
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for movement disorders and refractory epilepsy [1,2,3]
We show that these models can be used to accurately simulate the entire dataset. We show that this model can predict responses across recording sessions over a month in an non-human primates (NHPs)
In the example 80 Hz Stimulation evoked response (SER) recorded in the amygdala and cortex (figure 2(a), the first 400 ms is the duration when the stimulation train was applied at the neighboring electrode pair, the artifacts of which are seen in the recorded local field potential (LFP)
Summary
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for movement disorders and refractory epilepsy [1,2,3]. Psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality and are often drug resistant and challenging to treat Disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety are believed to arise from dysfunctional communication among brain structures [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety are believed to arise from dysfunctional communication among brain structures [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] To this point, DBS has had promising open-label results [12,13,14,15,16], randomized clinical trials have shown inconsistent effects [17]. The effect of stimulation is typically based upon qualitative assessments, including the patient’s immediate emotional response to stimulation changes and the long-term change in subjective self-reports
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