Abstract
Electrophysiological signals of cortical activity show a range of possible frequency and amplitude modulations, both within and across regions, collectively known as cross-frequency coupling. To investigate whether these modulations could be considered as manifestations of the same underlying mechanism, we developed a neural mass model. The model provides five out of the theoretically proposed six different coupling types. Within model components, slow and fast activity engage in phase-frequency coupling in conditions of low ambient noise level and with high noise level engage in phase-amplitude coupling. Between model components, these couplings can be coordinated via slow activity, giving rise to more complex modulations. The model, thus, provides a coherent account of cross-frequency coupling, both within and between components, with which regional and cross-regional frequency and amplitude modulations could be addressed.
Highlights
Electrophysiological activity of interconnected neurons encompasses multiple oscillatory components [1,2]; these are subject to modulation of frequency [3,4,5] and amplitude [6,7]
The cross-node PFC arises through cross-node phase-phase coupling of the slow oscillations, combined with local phase-frequency coupling
The first five of these were obtained in a model consisting of two mutually connected four-populations neural mass model (NMM) nodes
Summary
Electrophysiological activity of interconnected neurons encompasses multiple oscillatory components [1,2]; these are subject to modulation of frequency [3,4,5] and amplitude [6,7]. Modulation may have various utilities [8,9], such as sequence encoding [10,11], rectification of local neural activity [12,13] and long-rage information transfer [14,15] The mechanisms behind these effects, are still not well-understood. They could all be manifestations of a single underlying principle To contemplate this possibility, we propose a model that describes frequency and amplitude modulations as systematic relationships between slow and fast oscillatory components of neural population activity. Jensen & Colgin [2] listed six types of CFC of interest to electrophysiology: phase-phase, phase-frequency, phase-amplitude, frequency-frequency, amplitudeamplitude and amplitude-frequency couplings (PPC, PFC, PAC, FFC, AAC, and AFC, respectively).
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