Abstract

Previous studies have shown that in many wireless sensor network applications the IEEE 802.15.4 carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism with default parameters cannot guarantee the constraints of reliability, time efficiency, or energy efficiency. Although many adaptive parameter tuning algorithms have been proposed, many of them cannot correctly identify the changes of the network condition and are unable to effectively perform the parameter tuning operation. Considering the randomness that CSMA/CA brings about, for most of the proposed algorithms, it is a challenge to distinguish significant violations that were caused by actual changes of the network from the general fluctuations that were due to CSMA/CA. In this paper, we propose a lightweight algorithm called the network equivalent adaptive parameter tuning (NEAPT) algorithm. It is fully distributed and can work without any predefined information or acknowledgement. NEAPT not only takes reliability as an evaluation of a network condition, but it proposes a synthetic value, called the equivalent node number, and takes it as another reference for a network condition. Simulation results show that by taking both reliability and the equivalent node number into consideration, NEAPT can effectively identify the network changes and provide adequate and steady performances for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in both stationary and dynamic conditions.

Highlights

  • Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as one kind of personal area networks (PANs), have penetrated various applications, from habitat monitoring to industrial control, for their advantages of low deployment costs, easy installation, maintenance, and reconfiguration, as well as inherent intelligent-processing capability over traditional wired devices [1]

  • We focus on the effect of IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) layers’ channel access protocol on the whole network’s performance during the contention access period (CAP)

  • According to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, general WSNs always adopt the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm as their channel access protocol during CAP. It has been shown by Anasasti et al [3] that a slotted CSMA/CA algorithm cannot guarantee both energy efficiency and reliability constraints simultaneously with its parameter values held at the default

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Summary

Introduction

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as one kind of personal area networks (PANs), have penetrated various applications, from habitat monitoring to industrial control, for their advantages of low deployment costs, easy installation, maintenance, and reconfiguration, as well as inherent intelligent-processing capability over traditional wired devices [1]. According to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, general WSNs always adopt the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm as their channel access protocol during CAP. It has been shown by Anasasti et al [3] that a slotted CSMA/CA algorithm cannot guarantee both energy efficiency and reliability constraints simultaneously with its parameter values held at the default. This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm, called network equivalent adaptive parameter tuning (NEAPT), for better coping with both stationary conditions and dynamic conditions, without modifying the current standard or introducing an extra cost.

Reliability Analysis
Network Equivalent Adaptive Tuning Algorithm
The sensor node’s equivalent process of of surrounding
Simulations
Analysis
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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