Abstract
The 4th industrial revolution must be approached from the perspective of industrial ecosystem in order to lead to industrial reorganization facing after deindustrialization. This is because, as the characteristics of agriculture and manufacturing differ, the basic characteristics of industries related to the 4th industrial revolution differ from those of manufacturing. Differences in the way agriculture and manufacturing value is created require differences in human type, social systems, and even distribution system. That is, just as ecosystems focus on the interrelationship of organisms and their relationship with the physical environment, the industrial ecosystems to be accompanied by the 4th industrial revolution require new human beings to live in the new industrial ecosystem and new systems to support the new industrial ecosystem, with new technologies in the related fields. This paper will show that the industrial ecosystem required by the 4th industrial revolution calls for Homo empathicus different from Homo economicus of industrial society, a reciprocal economy different from the capitalist economy, and an autonomous democracy different from free democracy.
Highlights
How will the 4th industrial revolution (IR) change human society? Unless new labor-intensive tasks are created, the 4th IR will result in a catastrophe for jobs and hyper-polarization of income.That is, only the creation of new labor-intensive tasks can prevent job disasters and a drop in the proportion of labor income as a result of increasing artificial intelligence (AI) [1]
I think that the 4th IR requires a new type of humanity and social order that is completely different from the humanity or social order of industrial society
Does not mean just a few technological innovations and the social innovations demanded by the new ecosystem, given that it is the result of developing the “network” caused by the information technology (IT) revolution into a stable digital ecosystem
Summary
Unless new labor-intensive tasks are created, the 4th IR will result in a catastrophe for jobs and hyper-polarization of income. Only the creation of new labor-intensive tasks can prevent job disasters and a drop in the proportion of labor income as a result of increasing artificial intelligence (AI) [1]. Do we have the capacity to create new labor-intensive tasks? The educational system of industrial society demonstrates a limit to the creation of labor-intensive tasks. Around the year 2000 in the U.S.A., the demand for cognitive tasks often associated with higher education skills underwent a reversal; that is, a strong, ongoing increase in the demand for skills in the decades leading up to 2000, and a decline in that demand in the years since 2000, even as the supply of higher education workers continues to grow [2].
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