A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; a comparative analysis of six definitions.

Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy,Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand,Farzad Kompani,Mohammad Javad Hajipour,Alireza Delavari,Mahdi Sabooni,Ali Sheidaei,Negar Mahmoudi,Nazila Rezaei,Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,Farideh Razi,Kamyar Rezaee,Farshad Farzadfar,Bagher Larijani,Zohreh Mahmoudi,Ming Liu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241926

Abstract

IntroductionTo integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO’s STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016.Materials and methodsThe prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicity-specific values of waist circumference for the country.ResultsNational prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4–39.1), 43.5% (42.7–44.4), 40.9% (40.1–41.8), 47.6% (46.8–48.5), 32.0% (31.2–32.9), and 40.8% (40.0–41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65–69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity.ConclusionHigh prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors.

Highlights

To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS)
National prevalence rate of MetS based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), AHA/NHLBI, Joint Interim Statement (JIS), Regional IDF (RIDF) and Regional JIS (RJIS) criteria were 38.3%, 43.5% (42.7–44.4), 40.9% (40.1–41.8), 47.6% (46.8–48.5), 32.0% (31.2–32.9), and 40.8% (40.0–41.7), respectively
The aging of the populations and global industrialization have resulted in an increase in the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Summary

Introduction

To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO’s STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Study design and participants

Discussion

Participants Category