A nationwide assessment of threats to bonefish, tarpon, and permit stocks and habitat in Belize

Abstract

Although Belize has developed an international reputation as being a leader in environmental conservation given that approximately 26 % of its terrestrial and marine territories are designated as protected areas, there remains persistent threats to the country’s bonefish (Albula vulpes), tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), permit (Trachinotus falcatus), and associated habitats. While some of these threats resemble those found in other regions and countries such as pollution or overfishing, Belize’s fisheries also face unique threats because of its proximity to Guatemala and the rapid pace of development along the Belize coast. However, fishing guides and lodge owners have been instrumental in pursuing policies that protect and sustainably manage bonefish, tarpon, and permit stocks. This paper provides a nationwide assessment of some of the major threats facing bonefish, tarpon, permit and associated habitat in Belize, as well as some of the responses to counter these threats.