Abstract
Background: The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, in dental implants retrieved from humans, and in the Hard Tissues Research Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, were screened on MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other electronic databases until 31 December 2018. Only articles that reported the histological and histomorphometrical values of the Bone-Implant Contact (BIC) were selected. Results: The system selection provided a total of 155 papers. The manuscripts included for the narrative review were 57. These papers provided histological and histomorphometrical data. Conclusions: The bone remodeling around dental implants was found to be a dynamic process; loading changed the microstructure of the peri-implant bone; and implants were found to provide a successful function, over several decades, with different range of degrees of BIC in vivo (varying from a little more than 30% to a little more than 90%). Loaded implants presented a 10%–12% higher BIC values when compared to submerged, unloaded implants, and rougher surfaces had, on average, about a 10% higher BIC than machined surfaces.
Highlights
A Retrieval Bank for Implants and Biomaterials has been active since the late 80s in the Hard TissuesResearch Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara in Italy
The histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of such a large number of specimens could help in answering some very important questions, i.e., understanding the causative mechanisms of failing and failed implants, the relationship between implant loading and the presence or absence of mineralized tissues at the interface, and the minimum amount of bone-to-implant contact necessary to get the clinical result of osseointegration
A retrospective evaluation of all publications produced in our Laboratory in the last 3 decades was performed (M.T.), where the papers dealing with the loading of retrieved human implants were selected for the present narrative review
Summary
A Retrieval Bank for Implants and Biomaterials has been active since the late 80s in the Hard TissuesResearch Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara in Italy. Specimens of human retrieved implants, due to different causes, have been continuously received over the last three decades, numbering several thousands. The histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of such a large number of specimens could help in answering some very important questions, i.e., understanding the causative mechanisms of failing and failed implants, the relationship between implant loading and the presence or absence of mineralized tissues at the interface, and the minimum amount of bone-to-implant contact necessary to get the clinical result of osseointegration. The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, in dental implants retrieved from humans, and in the Hard Tissues Research Conclusions: The bone remodeling around dental implants was found to be a dynamic process; loading changed the microstructure of the peri-implant bone; and implants were found to provide a successful function, over several decades, with different range of degrees of BIC in vivo
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