Abstract
Background and Objective: Personalized medicine has significant modified the way advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been managed. In fact, the development of different target drugs has significantly improved the clinical outcomes of these patients. In this scenario, gene rearrangements play a crucial role. Gene fusions, including those involving anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), rearranged during transfection (RET) and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, occur very rarely in advanced stage NSCLC patients. Remarkably, these genomic alterations represent an important target for treatment decision algorithm in these patients. In addition, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression evaluation is crucial for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administration.
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