A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials on the Impact of Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts on Prediabetes and Its Subgroups.

Cheryl S. Gammon,Lynne Chepulis,Pamela von Hurst,Wen Xin Janice Lim,Rachel A. Page

doi:10.3390/nu13113733

Cheryl S. Gammon, Lynne Chepulis + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113733

Copy DOI

Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Oct 22, 2021
Citations: 4	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Massey University, University of Waikato, Riddet Institute

Abstract

Phenolic-rich plant extracts have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. However, there is increasing evidence that people with prediabetes are not a homogeneous group but exhibit different glycemic profiles leading to the existence of prediabetes subgroups. Prediabetes subgroups have been identified as: isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance (IFG/IGT). The present review investigates human clinical trials examining the hypoglycemic potential of phenolic-rich plant extracts in prediabetes and prediabetes subgroups. Artemisia princeps Pampanini, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaf and Citrus junos Tanaka peel have been demonstrated to improve fasting glycemia and thus may be more useful for individuals with IFG with increasing hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, white mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf, persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf and Acacia. Mearnsii bark were shown to improve postprandial glycemia and hence may be preferably beneficial for individuals with IGT with increasing muscle insulin resistance. Elaeis guineensis leaf was observed to improve both fasting and postprandial glycemic measures depending on the dose. Current evidence remains scarce regarding the impact of the plant extracts on glycemic control in prediabetes subgroups and therefore warrants further study.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilGlobally, diabetes rates have been increasing at an alarming rate
Prediabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with blood glucose levels above normal but not high enough to be classified as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [5]
impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) takes the worse form of impaired glucose control with a reduced glucagon suppression, impaired hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity and progressive loss of βcell function, with a sustained rise in postprandial glucose (PG) that does not return to normal baseline after