A Narrative Review of Anatomy and Clinical Biopsychosocial Assessment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Abstract

Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) pain is a severe disorder that affects 15% to 25% of individuals having axially low back pain. The most common causes of depressive symptoms are fear of movement, pain catastrophising, stress, and nervous system sensitisation. Recent research has shown that radiological imaging, are inadequate for diagnosing SIJ pain. For immersive and patient centred experiences, a comprehensive professional Biopsychosocial (BPS) physiotherapy evaluation is suggested. A new biopsychosocial model has been proposed that acknowledges all critical health and disease factors and promotes the interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences, but moves further than a narrow perspective. Psychosocial influences on well-being have generated an interest in physician services, physiotherapy evaluation, and implementation in a more systematic approach to a patient. This method is used to determine the current pain mechanism (predominant nociceptive, neuropathic, or non neuropathic central sensitisation pain) as well as the underlying pain mechanism. Patient’s biopsychosocial variables can establish and maintain SI discomfort. For a better plan of therapy to manage SIJ dysfunction, the biopsychosocial clinical assessment takes precedence over the examination of sacroiliac joint discomfort alone.