Abstract
A piezoelectric immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co-immobilized on a dithiol-modified surface is proposed for detection of human cardiac troponin T (TnT). Anti-human troponin T (anti-TnT) antibodies were covalently immobilized on the nanostructured electrode surface by thiol-aldehyde linkages. In a homogeneous bulk solution, TnT was captured by anti-TnT immobilized on the QCM electrode. Cyclic voltammetry studies were used to characterize the AuNPs layer on the electrode surface and the anti-TnT immobilization steps. The QCM-flow immunosensor exhibited good reliability, measuring concentrations of TnT from 0.003 to 0.5 ng mL−1 in human serum with high linearity (r = 0.989; p < 0.01). The immunosensor exhibited a 7% coefficient of variation and 0.0015 ng mL−1 limit of detection, indicating a high reproducibility and sensitivity. The proposed QCM nanostructured immunosensor is easy to use and has promising potential in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction due to its speed and high sensitivity.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly half of all deaths in the European Union [1,2] and approximately one third of deaths in Brazil [3]
The present study proposes a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of human cardiac troponin T (TnT) based on a A piezoelectric immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) monolayer co-immobilized on a dithiol-modified surface
To discern the role of the individual components, cyclic voltammograms of the bare Au electrode, hexanedithiol linker (HDT)/Au electrode, AuNP/HDT/Au and Gly/Anti-TnT/AuNP/HDT/Au electrode were recorded in 25 mmol L−1 Phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) containing 0.1 M K3Fe(CN)63/4− in aqueous KCl as the redox probe at a scan rate of 0.0 to +1 mV s–1 at an interval of 50 mV s–1
Summary
Cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly half of all deaths in the European Union [1,2] and approximately one third of deaths in Brazil [3]. Different types of transducers have been explored for constructing piezoelectric sensors in an attempt to minimize response time and enable miniaturization Such systems are based on the frequency change caused by the amount of mass adsorbed on the quartz crystal electrode surface coupled to an oscillator circuit. SAMs and nanomaterials are promising structures for improving the effective, stable immobilization of biomolecules on sensor platforms, especially when high sensitivity is required Among these nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used to enhance the sensitivity of the devices due to increase the surface area of an electrode [19,20,21]. The present study proposes a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of human cardiac troponin T (TnT) based on a AuNPs monolayer co-immobilized on a dithiol-modified surface. Anti-TnT was immobilized on the nanostructured electrode surface through cystamine, which acted as a cross-linking spacer
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